摘要
基于2002—2022年淀山湖水质监测数据,运用单因子评价法和综合营养状态指数(TLI)法对淀山湖13个监测点位的数据进行分析,并结合相关性分析等方法,对淀山湖近20年水质的时空分布与影响因素进行分析。结果表明,20年间,淀山湖水质总体处于轻度富营养化水平,蓝藻水华总体呈上升趋势;总磷(TP)质量浓度长期处于V类或劣V类水质标准,夏季ρ(TP)明显高于冬季;总氮(TN)与氨氮(NH_(3)-N)质量浓度下降显著,冬、春季ρ(TN)、ρ(NH_(3)-N)高于夏、秋季;高锰酸盐指数(I_(Mn))多处于Ⅲ类水质标准且无明显季节性变化特征;叶绿素a(Chl.a)质量浓度于2005—2010年总体呈低位波动状态,2011—2022年呈波动上升趋势;湖泊TLI值整体波动下降,但在2019—2021年呈明显上升趋势,年内在3—5月和6—9月上升显著。淀山湖不同湖区的水质与富营养状态存在差异,ρ(Chl.a)总体呈现北高南低的特征;TLI值总体呈北高南低、西高东低的特征;来水口的ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)和ρ(NH_(3)-N)明显高于出水口。相关性分析结果显示,淀山湖TLI值与ρ(Chl.a)呈正相关,ρ(Chl.a)与ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)呈负相关,ρ(Chl.a)与气温、地表温度、pH值、水位、水温及降水呈正相关。
Based on water quality monitoring data from 2002 to 2022 for Dianshan Lake,this study employs the single-factor evaluation method and the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI)method to analyze data from 13 monitoring points.Correlation analysis and other methods were used to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality and influencing factors over the past 20 years in Dianshan Lake.The results indicate that over the two decades,Dianshan Lake has generally been at a mild eutrophication level,with an overall increasing trend in cyanobacterial blooms.The mass concentration of total phosphorus(TP)has long remained at Class V or worse,with significantly higherρ(TP)in summer than in winter.The mass concentrations of total nitrogen(TN)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)have decreased significantly,with higherρ(TN)andρ(NH_(3)-N)in winter and spring than in summer and autumn.The permanganate index(I_(Mn))mostly falls within Class III,with no obvious seasonal variation inρ(I_(Mn)).The mass concentration of chlorophyll a(Chl.a)showed low fluctuations from 2005 to 2010 and a fluctuating upward trend from 2011 to 2022.The comprehensive trophic level index(TLI)of the lake showed an overall fluctuating decline but exhibited a significant upward trend from 2019 to 2021,with notable increases within the year during March-May and June-September.Water quality and eutrophication status vary across different areas of Dianshan Lake,withρ(Chl.a)generally higher in the north than in the south.TLI values are generally higher in the north than in the south and higher in the west than in the east.Theρ(TP),ρ(TN),andρ(NH_(3)-N)at the water inlet are significantly higher than at the outlet.Correlation analysis results show that the TLI of Dianshan Lake is positively correlated withρ(Chl.a),whileρ(Chl.a)is negatively correlated withρ(TP)andρ(TN).Additionally,ρ(Chl.a)is positively correlated with air temperature,surface temperature,pH,water level,water temperature,and precipitation.
作者
许佳瑜
夏甘霖
刘建斌
XU Jiayu;XIA ganlin;LIU Jianbing(Shanghai Qingpu District Environmental Monitoring Station,Shanghai 201799,China;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)
出处
《环境监控与预警》
2025年第4期124-132,共9页
Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning
关键词
淀山湖
水质
富营养化
变化趋势
影响因素
Dianshan Lake
Water quality
Eutrophication
Changing trend
Influencing factors
作者简介
许佳瑜(1994-),女,工程师,本科,从事环境监测工作;通讯作者:刘建斌,E-mail:jbliu0519@163.com。
