摘要
西昆仑山区地形差异显著,形成了众多形态完整、规模宏大的泥石流堆积扇。为定量描述并分析巨型泥石流堆积扇特征,以西昆仑山区G219沿线泥石流流域为研究对象,通过野外踏勘与统计分析,界定并阐释了巨型泥石流堆积扇范畴及其基本特征,分析了地貌因素对不同类型巨型泥石流堆积扇形成过程的影响,并采用Massflow数值模型反演了巨型堆积扇的堆积过程。结果表明:研究区24%的泥石流流域存在不同类型(横向型、均衡型、纵向型)的巨型堆积扇,其形成年代久远且容重较低;均衡型堆积扇受地貌因素影响逐渐演化为横向型或纵向型堆积扇;横向型堆积扇形成的主控因素为平均坡度与出山口宽度,其泥深与流速横向扩张明显;纵向型堆积扇形成的主控因素为堆积区长度,其泥深与流速纵向分布明显。研究成果可为高原地区巨型泥石流堆积扇的研究与防治提供参考。
Significant topographic heterogeneity in the West Kunlun Mountains has facilitated the development of numerous well-preserved,large-scale debris flow fans.This study quantitatively describes and analyzes the characteristics of giant debris-flow accumulation fans.Taking debris-flow basins along the G219 highway in the West Kunlun Mountains as the study areas,we conducted field investigations and statistical analyses to define and characterize giant debris-flow accumulation fans.And then we examined how geomorphic factors influence the formation processes of different fan types,and employed the Massflow numerical model to simulate the depositional processes of these giant accumulation fans.The results indicate that 24%of the debris-flow basins in the study area develop different types of giant accumulation fans(transverse,equilibrium,and longitudinal),which are characterized by ancient formation ages and low bulk density.Under geomorphic influences,equilibrium-type fans gradually evolve into either transverse or longitudinal types.The formation of transverse fans is primarily controlled by average slope gradient and outlet width,exhibiting significant lateral expansion in flow depth and velocity.In contrast,longitudinal fans are mainly governed by depositional zone length,with pronounced longitudinal distribution of flow depth and velocity.These findings provide valuable insights for the study and mitigation of giant debris-flow accumulation fans in plateau regions.
作者
伏航
柳金峰
苗高建
王超
陈兴长
孙昊
FU Hang;LIU Jinfeng;MIAO Gaojian;WANG Chao;CHEN Xingchang;SUN Hao(Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;China Railway Design Corporation Geological Survey and Design Research Institute,Tianjin 300251,China;School of Environment and Resources,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2025年第7期114-122,共9页
Yangtze River
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0902)
中国铁设科技开发课题项目(2024A0226401)。
关键词
巨型泥石流堆积扇
地貌因素
堆积特征
数值模拟
西昆仑山区
高原地区
giant debris-flow accumulation fans
geomorphic factors
depositional characteristics
numerical simulation
West Kunlun Mountains
plateau region
作者简介
伏航,男,硕士研究生,主要从事山地灾害实验与防治工程研究。E-mail:fuhang@imde.ac.cn;通信作者:柳金峰,男,研究员,博士,主要从事山地灾害实验与防治工程研究。E-mail:liujf@imde.ac.cn。
