摘要
春秋时代,晋国系在地方上最早置县的少数几个诸侯国之一。于众多晋县中,“先茅之县”尤为独特,乃第一个明确以“县”字作为名称尾缀的晋县。西晋以降,传统观点大都视“先茅之县”为晋国先氏宗族封邑,此论不妥。通过对相关史料的比较研究发现,“先茅之县”中的“先茅”二字乃晋国地名,与先氏宗族无涉。检诸史料,灭人国而为己县乃春秋晋县主要来源方式之一。晋灭西虢国,合理推测应以原西虢国的莘、茅两邑为中心,划定了一块区域设县以加强掌控,谓之“莘茅之县”。又史料中屡见“先(兟、、姺)”字可通“莘”,因此晋“莘茅之县”见诸《左传》可称为“先茅之县”,其地跨大河两岸,在今山西省平陆县西南至河南省三门峡市陕州区硖石乡一带。
During the Spring and Autumn Period,the State of Jin was one of the few states that first established counties in local areas.Among the many counties of Jin,“Xianmao County”was particularly unique,being the first Jin county explicitly with the suffix“county”in its name.Since the Western Jin Dynasty,traditional views have mostly regarded“Xianmao County”as the fief of the Xian clan in Jin,which is inappropriate.Through a comparative study of relevant historical materials,the characters“Xianmao”in“Xianmao County”are a place name in Jin,having nothing to do with the Xian clan.Examining historical records,one of the main sources of Jin’s counties in the Spring and Autumn Period was conquering other states and turning them into its own counties.After Jin conquered the State of Xiguo,it is reasonable to infer that it designated an area centered on the two towns of Xin and Mao in the former Xiguo as a county to strengthen control,called“Xinmao County”.In historical materials,the character“Xian”(兟,姺)can often be interchangeable with“Xin”.Therefore,Jin’s“Xinmao County”was recorded in Zuo Zhuan as“Xianmao County”,which spanned both banks of the great river,in the area from the southwest of present-day Pinglu County,Shanxi Province to Xiashi Township,Shanzhou District,Sanmenxia City,Henan Province.
出处
《中州学刊》
北大核心
2025年第7期125-131,共7页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“中华文明起源与先秦君主政体演进研究”(LSYZD21007)
国家社会科学基金项目“周代晋国世族社会研究”(19BZS032)。
关键词
先茅之县
先氏
西虢国
莘茅
County of Xianmao
Xian clan
State of Xiguo
Xinmao
作者简介
李世佳,男,四川大学古典学系教授、博士生导师(四川成都610065)。
