摘要
为优化突发事件下停车场车辆的疏散效率,以总疏散时间最短为目标,考虑允许汇入最小车头时距和动态非疏散交通流,通过停车区域划分计算车辆在场内的行驶时间,利用排队论M/M/1/1模型计算车辆出口的等待时间,基于BRP阻抗函数计算疏散车辆在混合交通环境下的路段行驶时间,并建立交叉口延误模型计算通行延误时间。在此基础上,构建以车辆从开始疏散至全部进入安全区域的总时间最小为目标的应急疏散优化模型。最后,采用考虑初始种群优化和父辈优化的十进制基因编译遗传算法对模型进行求解,得出停车场车辆疏散的最优策略。研究结果表明:对比未优化算法,优化算法经67次迭代趋于稳定,求解效率提升24.72%。此外,停车场不同出口与疏散路径上承担的疏散车辆数存在较大差异,如果使每条路径疏散相同数量的车辆,将影响车辆疏散效率,延长总疏散时间。构建的停车场车辆应急疏散模型及相应算法可为突发事件下制订车辆疏散策略,提高疏散效率提供参考。
The study investigated to optimize evacuation efficiency of parking lot vehicles in emergencies.With the goal of minimizing total evacuation time,the minimum headway time allowed for merging and dynamic non-evacuation traffic flow were considered.The vehicle driving time in parking lot was calculated through the parking area division.The waiting time of vehicle exit was calculated by using the queuing theory M/M/1/1 model.The driving time of evacuated vehicles in a mixed traffic environment was calculated based on BRP impedance function.The intersection delay model was established to calculate the traffic delay time.On this basis,an emergency evacuation optimization model was constructed with the goal of minimizing total time from the beginning of evacuation to the time when all vehicles enter safe areas.Finally,the model was solved by using the decimal gene compilation genetic algorithm considering initial population optimization and parent optimization.The optimal strategy for parking lot vehicle evacuation was derived after sufficient iterations.The result indicates that compared with the unoptimized algorithm,the optimized algorithm becomes stable after 67 iterations,and the solution efficiency is improved by 24.72%.In addition,there are large differences in the number of vehicles to be evacuated on different exits and routes.If each path is evacuated with the same number of vehicles,the vehicle evacuation efficiency will be affected and the total evacuation time will be prolonged.The emergency evacuation model and corresponding algorithm for parking lot vehicles constructed in this study provide reference for the development of vehicle evacuation strategy and improvement of evacuation efficiency with emergency events.
作者
廖芳清
赵长缨
王涵
任薇
LIAO Fang-qing;ZHAO Chang-ying;WANG Han;REN Wei(Tech Traffic Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;School of Transportation Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064,China)
出处
《公路交通科技》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第S1期38-45,共8页
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development
关键词
智能交通
最优策略
遗传算法
停车场车辆疏散
排队论
intelligent transport
optimal strategy
genetic algorithm
parking lot emergency evacuation
queuing theory
作者简介
通讯作者:廖芳清(1973-),女,湖南嘉禾人,硕士,高级工程师.(12608644@qq.com)
