摘要
遵义市是以“三区四带”为核心的全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体布局中长江重点生态区矿山生态修复工程布局重点区域,是长江上游重要的生态屏障,历史时期矿山开采活动导致的矿山地质安全隐患、土地损毁、生态退化等问题尤为突出。针对遵义市历史遗留矿山生态修复,通过创新修复体系,基于生态问题精准识别、修复策略全面研究、实施路径不断优化,结合效益评估,形成基于目标控制下的“问题—策略—路径—效益”全过程矿山生态修复体系,提出消除矿山安全隐患、地形地貌重塑、土壤重构、植被恢复等修复措施。效益评估显示,修复后51个矿山地质安全隐患得以消除,恢复林草地26.78 hm^(2),恢复耕地39.92 hm^(2),修复后矿山土地复垦利用率达37.08%,为当地的可持续发展做出了重要贡献。本研究基于完备的修复体系,通过修复技术的应用,总结提炼裸露岩质陡立边坡生态修复模式及土壤改良重构生态修复模式,因地制宜、精准施策的“靶向式”修复模式将为矿山生态修复全过程提供示范。
Zunyi City is a key area for the mine ecological restoration project in the Yangtze River key ecological zone within the overall layout of the major national ecological system protection and restoration project centered on the“Three Zones and Four Belts”.It serves as an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Problems such as potential geological safety hazards of mines,land damage,and ecological degradation resulting from mining activities during historical periods are particularly prominent.Regarding the ecological restoration of historical abandoned mines in Zunyi City,through innovating the restoration system,based on the precise identification of ecological issues,comprehensive study of restoration strategies,continuous optimization of implementation paths,and in combination with benefit evaluation,a complete process mine ecological restoration system under target control,namely“Problem-Strategy-Path-Benefit”,has been formed.Restoration measures such as eliminating mine safety hazards,reshaping topography and landforms,reconstructing soil,and restoring vegetation have been proposed.The benefit evaluation indicates that all 51 geological safety hazards in the restored mines have been eliminated,26.78 hm^(2) of forest and grassland have been restored,39.92 hm^(2) of cultivated land have been restored,and the land reclamation utilization rate of the restored mines has reached 37.08%,making significant contributions to the local sustainable development.This study,based on a complete restoration system and through the application of restoration technologies,has summarized and refined the ecological restoration model for exposed rocky steep slopes and the ecological restoration model for soil improvement and reconstruction.The“targeted”restoration model that adapts to local conditions and implements precise measures will provide a demonstration for the entire process of mine ecological restoration.
作者
梁龙
龚芯磊
李林林
严中富
杨荣康
LIANG Long;GONG Xin-lei;LI Lin-lin;YAN Zhong-fu;YANG Rong-kang(106 Geological Party,Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Zunyi 563000,China;Guizhou Huidu Geology and Mineral Group Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi 563000,China;Guizhou Zunyi 106 Geology and Mining Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi 563000,China;Guizhou Geological Environment Monitoring Institute,Guiyang 550001,China)
出处
《环境生态学》
2025年第7期165-172,184,共9页
Environmental Ecology
基金
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般199号)
贵州省地质勘查基金项目:贵州省水文地质志修编(DKJJ2021-01)资助。
关键词
矿山生态修复
修复体系
历史遗留矿山
修复模式
遵义市
Mining ecological restoration
restoration system
historical legacy mines
restoration mode
Zunyi City
作者简介
梁龙(1990-),男,四川成都人,本科,工程师,主要研究方向为环境地质、生态修复及地质灾害防治;通讯作者:龚芯磊,E-mail:gxlgzdk@163.com。
