摘要
薄轮缘车轮已成为列车车轮的主要形式。为减少其在曲线段的磨耗,研究曲线钢轨润滑对车轮磨耗的影响。通过建立车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,分析磨耗车轮在不同曲线半径和轨底坡下,改变轮轨摩擦系数时的磨耗规律。结果显示,磨耗后轮轨接触性能下降,磨耗轮-新轨匹配时接触特性最差,但脱轨系数和轮重减载率最大值分别降低57.9%和9.4%,表明薄轮缘列车过曲线时更不易脱轨。降低轮轨摩擦系数能有效减缓车轮磨耗,且曲线半径越小效果越明显,而轨底坡对磨耗指数影响较小。内外轨非对称润滑控制更有利于减磨,内轨摩擦系数固定时,内外侧车轮磨耗指数随外轨摩擦系数减小而降低,且外侧车轮减磨速率更快。当轮轨摩擦系数降至0.1时,车轮疲劳因子小于0,不易产生表面疲劳。基于仿真结果,建议通过非对称摩擦控制或将轮轨摩擦系数降至0.1等措施减缓轮缘磨损,延长车轮寿命,为提高经济性提供理论参考和依据。
Thin-rim wheels have become the main form of train wheels.In order to reduce its wear on curved sections,the effect of curved rail lubrication on wheel wear was studied.By establishing a vehicle-track coupled dynamic model,the wear laws of worn wheels under different curve radii and track bottom slopes are analyzed when the wheel-rail friction coefficients are changed.The results show that the wheel-rail contact performance decreases after wearing,and the contact characteristics are the worst when matching the worn wheel-new track,but the maximum values of derailment coefficient and wheel weight reduction rate decrease by 57.9%and 9.4%respectively,indicating that trains with thin rims are more difficult to derail when crossing curves.Reducing the wheel-rail friction coefficient can effectively reduce wheel wear,and the smaller the curve radius,the more obvious the effect,while the rail bottom slope has less influence on the wear index.Asymmetric lubrication control of inner and outer rails is more conducive to friction reduction.When the friction coefficient of the inner rail is fixed,the wear index of the inner and outer wheels decreases as the friction coefficient of the outer rail decreases,and the friction reduction rate of the outer wheels is faster.When the wheel-rail friction coefficient drops to 0.1,the wheel fatigue factor is less than 0,and surface fatigue is not easy to occur.Based on the simulation results,measures such as asymmetric friction control or reducing the wheel-rail friction coefficient to 0.1 are recommended to reduce rim wear and extend wheel life,providing theoretical reference and basis for improving economy.
出处
《科技创新与应用》
2025年第21期19-24,共6页
Technology Innovation and Application
关键词
轮缘磨耗
轮轨匹配
轮轨润滑
磨耗指数
疲劳因子
减磨措施
rim wear
wheel-rail matching
wheel-rail lubrication
wear index
fatigue factor
wear-reducing measures
作者简介
第一作者:王子旭(1999-),男,工学硕士。研究方向为轮轨关系及机车运用操纵。
