摘要
为减少浅埋煤层工作面过沟开采压架及溃水事故的发生,以某矿工作面过沟开采为背景,采用物理相似模拟、数值计算和理论分析相结合的方法,研究了工作面过沟开采的来压规律、超前支承压力变化规律及覆岩裂隙发育规律,建立了“上悬臂-下台阶岩梁”结构模型,揭示过沟开采逆坡坡顶强矿压机理。结果表明:工作面过沟开采期间,周期来压步距变化不大;来压期间支架平均载荷具有阶段性,呈现为逆坡阶段>顺坡阶段>沟底阶段;逆坡阶段工作面推进到坡顶22 m时,覆岩呈现大悬臂梁结构破断并回转下沉,导致强矿压;工作面超前支承压力受沟谷地形影响,与覆岩厚度成正比;过沟开采期间,地表裂缝的发育宽度随着工作面推进和覆岩回转运动,呈现先增大后减小最终逐渐闭合的运动特征;开采至逆坡坡顶时,在工作面煤壁前方出现超前裂隙,沟底开采阶段裂隙均垂直发育至地表,形成贯通地表裂缝,最大裂缝宽度10 cm;强矿压时刻支架载荷的理论计算结果与物理模拟结果基本一致。研究为浅埋煤层过沟开采逆坡坡顶强矿压控制及沟底溃水和冒顶灾害防治提供科学依据。
In order to reduce the occurrence of support crushing and water inrush accidents during gully-crossing mining in shallow coal seam,this study took the gully-crossing mining of a working face in a certain coal mine as the research background,the method of combining physical similarity simulation,numerical calculation and theoretical analysis was used to study the roof weighting law,change law of front abutment pressure and the overburden fracture development law.The structural model of upper cantilever-lower step voussoir beam was established,which reveals the mechanism of strong weighting at the top of reverse slope in gully-crossing mining.The results show that:During the gully-crossing mining,the periodic weighting interval distance changes little.During the roof weighting period,the average load of the support has a characteristic of stages,which is presented as reverse slope stage>along slope stage>gully bottom stage.When the working face advances the top of the reverse slope stage 22 m,the overburden presents a large breaking movement and rotation subsidence of cantilever beam structure,resulting in strong weighting.The front abutment pressure of the working face is affected by the gully terrain,which is proportional to the thickness of the overburden.During the gully-crossing period,the width of surface cracks increases first,then decreases and finally closes gradually with the advance of working face and the rotation of overburden.When mining to the top of the reverse slope,there are advanced cracks in front of the coal wall.The cracks in the gully bottom mining stage are vertically developed to the surface,forming a penetrating surface crack,and the maximum width is 10 cm.The theoretical calculation results of support load at the moment of strong weighting are consistent with the physical simulation results.This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of strong weighting at the reverse slope top and water inrush and roof collapse disasters at the gully bottom during gully-crossing mining in shallow coal seams.
作者
黄庆享
张东杰
韦业豪
贺雁鹏
张富魁
HUANG Qingxiang;ZHANG Dongjie;WEI Yehao;HE Yanpeng;ZHANG Fukui(College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention,Ministry of Education,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Chenghe Shanyang Coal Mine Co.,Ltd.,Weinan 715300,China)
出处
《西安科技大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期639-649,共11页
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52074211)。
关键词
浅埋煤层
沟谷区域
覆岩垮落
来压机理
裂隙发育
shallow coal seam
gully area
overburden caving
weighting mechanism
fracture development
作者简介
通信作者:黄庆享,男,新疆沙湾人,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:huangqx@xust.sn.cn。
