摘要
【研究目的】硅藻土是死亡的硅藻等单细胞生物通过沉积等一系列地质作用形成的矿物,属于沉积岩类,其主要成分是SiO2。硅藻土是社会生产活动中必不可少的非金属矿产资源,因其具有多孔性、吸附性强、轻质、熔点高、隔热、吸声、化学性能稳定等特点,在污水处理、农业、建材领域以及其新兴技术领域应用广泛。【研究方法】本文通过收集整理资料,充分借鉴前人的研究成果,对世界范围内硅藻土资源分布、矿床成因类型以及在传统与新兴技术领域的应用进行了调研。【研究结果】硅藻土资源广泛分布于全球122个国家,目前世界硅藻土总储量约9.2亿t,其中美国资源最为丰富,其储量约2.5亿t,占世界总量的27.2%;中国硅藻土储量约1.7亿t,占世界总储量的18%左右。根据硅藻土形成机制和沉积环境的不同,将矿床类型分为海相沉积型矿床和陆相沉积型矿床,两种矿床均受到地质构造、气候环境、时间、适宜的沉积环境等因素的共同控制。【结论】综合全球资料,从硅藻土矿床的成因分析表明:硅藻土矿床集中分布在新近纪至第四纪火山构造产生的断陷盆地和山间盆地中,同时与玄武岩分布存在直接联系,对于气候潮湿、环境温暖,且雨量较充足的地带可作为硅藻土矿床找矿远景区域。如中国东部地区易形成火山构造的洼地、东南部地区在新近纪时期有较多火山喷发活动的前海盆地、西南部地区喜山运动形成的中小型构造盆地等,特别是一些以玄武岩为基底及有玄武岩分布地区的新生代盆地可作为我国陆相沉积型硅藻土矿床找矿远景区。而北太平洋中高纬度地区在渐新世晚期—中新世早期,通过构造活动和火山活动共同作用形成了边缘盆地。中新世中晚期硅藻土在深海底层水缺氧条件下提高了沉积速率,使得这片区域硅藻土广泛分布。因此,北太平洋北部以及白令海、鄂霍茨克海和日本海等都可作为海相沉积型硅藻土矿床的找矿远景区。
This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.[Objective]Diatomaceous earth is a mineral formed by single−celled organisms such as dead diatoms through deposition and a series of geological processes.It belongs to sedimentary rocks,and its main component is SiO2.Diatomite is an indispensable non−metallic mineral resource in my country's social production activities,because of its porosity,strong adsorption,light weight,high melting point,heat insulation,sound absorption,low refractive index,stable chemical properties,etc.It is widely used in sewage treatment,agriculture,building materials and its emerging technology fields.[Methods]In this paper,by collecting and sorting out data and fully drawing on previous research results,this paper investigates the distribution of diatomite resources in the world,the genetic types of deposits,and its application in traditional and emerging technology fields.[Results]Diatomaceous earth resources are widely distributed in 122 countries in the world.At present,the total reserves of diatomaceous earth in the world are about 920 million tons,of which the United States is the most abundant,its reserves are about 250 million tons,accounting for 27.2%of the world's total.China's diatomaceous earth reserves are about 170 million tons,accounting for about 18%of the world's total reserves.According to the different formation mechanism and sedimentary environment of diatomite,the deposit types are divided into Marine sedimentary deposit and continental sedimentary deposit,both of which are affected by the superposition of geological structure,climatic environment,time condition and suitable sedimentary environment.[Conclusions]Combined with domestic and foreign data,the genetic analysis of diatomite deposits shows that diatomite deposits are concentrated in fault basins and intermountain basins generated by volcanic structures from Tertiary to Quaternary,and are directly related to the distribution of basalt.The zone with humid climate,warm environment and sufficient rainfall can be used as a prospecting prospect area for diatomite deposits.For example,the depression in the eastern part of China is easy to form volcanic structure,the foresea basin in the southeast area has more volcanic eruption activities in the Neogene period,and the small and medium−sized tectonic basin formed by the mountain movement in the southwest area,especially some Cenozoic basins with basalt base and basalt distribution area can be used as the prospecting prospect of continental sedimentary diatomite deposits in China.In the middle and high latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean,marginal basins were formed through the interaction of tectonic and volcanic activities in the late Oligocene and early Miocene.In the middle and late Miocene,the deposition rate of diatomite increased under the hypoxia condition of the deep sea bottom water,which made diatomite widely distributed in this area.Therefore,the northern part of the North Pacific Ocean,the Bering Sea,the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan can be used as prospecting prospects for Marine sedimentary diatomite deposits.
作者
梁震
王春连
陈清礼
宁鹏远
颜开
刘殿鹤
LIANG Zhen;WANG Chunlian;CHEN Qingli;NING Pengyuan;YAN Kai;LIU Dianhe(College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《中国地质》
北大核心
2025年第3期915-931,共17页
Geology in China
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(KK2322,KK2005)
中国地质调查局项目(DD20230056,DD20190606,DD20221684,DD20230291)联合资助。
关键词
硅藻土矿床
资源特征
找矿潜力
应用方向
矿床分类
矿产勘查工程
diatomite deposit
resource characteristics
prospecting potential
application
classification of deposit
mineral exploration engineering
作者简介
梁震,男,1997年生,硕士生,主要从事资源与环境方向的研究,E-mail:liangzhen971220@163.com;通信作者:王春连,男,1983年生,研究员,主要从事沉积学及矿床学方面的研究,E-mail:wangchunlian312@163.com。
