摘要
钵苗移栽具有缩短作物生长周期、提高作业单产和土地利用率等综合效益。目前,国内移栽作业以半自动移栽机为主,主要依靠人工拿取钵苗和输送钵苗。为实现自动取苗、自动送苗和栽苗一体化全自动移栽,解决半自动移栽机工作效率低、操作员劳动强度大等问题,本文设计一种多功能钵苗自动移栽机,对取苗送苗机构结构进行设计,实现穴盘自动送进、自动取苗送苗及实时检测钵苗;对输苗补苗机构结构进行设计,实现苗杯自动输送、接取钵苗和单爪补苗;对栽植机构结构进行设计,实现将苗杯输送的钵苗栽入土壤中和对已栽钵苗的覆土与压实,最后,对各机构基于SolidWorks进行建模与装配,并进行从动滚筒和多爪取苗执行机构仿真分析,结果满足设计要求。该自动移栽机不仅能够满足自动取送苗,而且提高了钵苗栽植后的成活率,同时还可以更好的控制钵苗栽植速度、距离、深度,该设计可为蔬菜等作物自动移栽技术发展提高参考。
The transplanting of plug seedlings has comprehensive benefits such as shortening the growth cycle of crops,increasing the yield per unit area of operation and land utilization rate.At present,semi-automatic transplanting machines are the main method in domestic transplanting operations,mainly relying on manual piking up plug seedlings and their transportation.In order to achieve the integrated fully automatic transplanting of automatic seedling picking,automatic seedling feeding and seedling planting,and solve the problems of low working efficiency and high labor intensity of opera-tors of semi-automatic transplanting machines,this paper designed a multi-functional plug seedling automatic transplanting machine,and designed the structure of the seedling picking and feeding mechanism to realize the automatic feeding of trays,automatic seedling picking and feeding,and real-time detection of pot seedlings.The structure of the seedling trans-portation and replanting mechanism was designed to achieve automatic transportation of seedling cups,receiving and pick-ing seedlings,and single-claw transplanting.The structure of the planting mechanism was designed to achieve the planting of the plug seedlings conveyed by the seedling cup into the soil and the covering and compaction of the planted pot seed-lings.Finally,the structure of each mechanism was modeled and assembled based on SolidWorks,and the simulation analy-sis of the driven roller and the multi-claw seedling picking actuator was carried out.The results met the design require-ments.This automatic transplanter not only meets the requirements of automatic seedling retrieval and delivery,but also improves the survival rate of plug seedlings after planting.At the same time,it can better control the planting speed,dis-tance and depth of plug seedlings.This design can serve as a reference for the development of automatic transplanting tech-nology for vegetables and other crops.
作者
张妮
钟世权
丁世辉
张泽睿
邓宇玄
Zhang Ni;Zhong Shiquan;Ding Shihui;Zhang Zerui;Deng Yuxuan(Hubei Water Resources Technical College,Wuhan 430070)
出处
《中国农机装备》
2025年第8期33-38,共6页
China Agricultural Machinery Equipment
基金
湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:2024AFB1000)
湖北水利水电职业技术学院博士专项课题(项目编号:HBSYBSZX202401)
湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(项目编号:B2023556)。
关键词
钵苗
移栽机
取苗送苗机构
输苗补苗
结构设计
plug seedling
transplanter
seedling picking and feeding mechanism
seedling delivery mechanism
the seed-ling transportation and replanting mechanism
structure design
作者简介
张妮(1982-),女,工学博士,高级工程师。研究方向:现代农业装备设计与测控。Email:zhangnwh@126.com。
