摘要
近年来,以大语言模型为引领的生成式人工智能GenAI(Generative Artificial Intelligence)正在迅速改变着人类社会的发展进程,也对全球高等教育产生了巨大影响。GenAI正在赋能和改变着传统的高等教育模式及教学方式,赋能了学生的学、教师的教和高校的管,推动着高等教育改革进程。但人们更加关心的问题是:GenAI如何通过赋能高等教育真正提升学生的创新能力?为此,需要探究学生的能力要素、能力培养与训练、能力测评和认证,以及GenAI如何改善这些环节等问题。本文以GenAI提升学生专业能力为目的,探究高等工程教育领域学生的能力要素、能力培养与度量,提出学生能力要素度量矩阵;进而,面向学生能力的培养与测评,提出能力的培养与训练、测评和认证体系;接着,提出GenAI赋能工程教育过程中的导、学、教、测、评、证、管的方式方法,从而提升学生的专业能力;最后,以软件工程专业为例,具体给出GenAI支持软件工程专业能力培养体系及能力等级测评认证体系的典型示例和具体举措,并指出以GenAI赋能高等工程教育的改革与创新要点。
In recent years,GenAI(Generative Artificial Intelligence),led by large language models,is rapidly changing the development process of human society,and has had a huge impact on higher edu-cation around the world.GenAI is empowering and changing the traditional higher education models and teaching methods,enabling students' learning,teachers' teaching,and university management,and promoting the reform process of higher education.But people are more concerned about such a question:how can GenAI really improve students'innovation ability and competency through empowering higher education?Therefore,it is necessary to explore the students'ability elements,ability develop-ment and training,ability assessment and certification,and the approaches for GenAI to improve these aspects.In order to apply GenAI to improve students'professional ability,this paper will explore the ability elements,ability training and measurement of students in the fields of higher engineering educa-tion,and propose a measurement matrix of students'ability elements.Furthermore,for the cultivation and assessment of students'abilities,the ability cultivation and training,assessment and certification systems are also proposed.Then,the methods of GenAI empowering guidance,learning,teaching,assessment,evaluation,and certification in the process of engineering education are proposed for impro-ving students'professional ability.Finally,taking software engineering specialty as an example,this paper gives a typical example of GenAI empowering the ability cultivation system,the ability-level assessment and certification system of software engineering major.The key points of reform and innova-tion of GenAI empowering higher engineering education are also pointed out.
作者
徐晓飞
张策
Xu Xiaofei;Zhang Ce
出处
《高等工程教育研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期1-9,共9页
Research in Higher Education of Engineering
关键词
生成式人工智能
AI赋能教育
高等工程教育改革
学生能力培养
能力测评与认证
Generative AI
AI-empowered education
reform of higher engineering education
student ability development
ability assessment&certification
作者简介
徐晓飞,哈尔滨工业大学计算学部教授;张策,哈尔滨工业大学(威海)计算机科学与技术学院教授。
