摘要
覆膜是农业生产中一项有效的增产增收措施,近年来覆膜在南方湿润地区也得到迅速发展。为阐明我国南方湿润地区覆膜对土壤细菌群落的影响,在南京开展了两批覆膜和未覆膜田间试验,采用16SrDNA扩增子测序技术分析覆膜和未覆膜条件下土壤细菌群落组成结构和功能的变化。结果表明,在细菌群落组成上,覆膜降低了土壤中变形菌门、拟杆菌门和芽单胞菌门等优势菌门的相对丰度,增加了土壤中放线菌门、浮霉菌门和奇古菌门等有益菌的相对丰度。其中,变形菌门的鞘氨醇单胞菌属、拟杆菌门的Hymenobacteraceae科、芽单胞菌门的Gemmatimonae属和浮霉菌门是覆膜与未覆膜处理之间显著差异性的指示菌群。覆膜对细菌群落Alpha多样性指数没有显著影响,但改变了细菌群落Beta多样性,影响了土壤细菌群落结构。覆膜阻碍了降雨入渗,增加了土壤温度和有效氮含量,导致土壤细菌群落组成和结构的改变,进而促进了细菌群落中氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和翻译功能基因的表达,为作物提供更多的碳源和氮源,提高了作物产量。因此覆膜通过改变土壤含水量、温度和养分含量等理化性质,显著影响土壤细菌群落的组成结构和功能,营造健康的土壤生态环境。
Plastic mulch cultivation is an agricultural practice used to increase production year-round.Recently,there has been rapid development of plastic mulch cultivation in humid regions of south China for commercial vegetable production.However,information about the impact of plastic mulching on the soil bacterial community in humid regions is limited.To address this,field experiments were conducted in Nanjing,comparing soil bacterial community composition,structure,and function between plastic mulch and no mulch treatments using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology.The results showed that the relative abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroides,and Gemmatimonates were lower with plastic mulch treatment than with no mulch treatment,while the relative abundances of Actinobacteria,Planctomycetes,and Thaumarchaeota were higher with plastic mulch treatment than no mulch treatment.Sphingomonas,Hymenobacteraceae,and Gemmatimonae were identified as bacterial biomarkers of plastic mulch treatment,while Planctomycetes was the bacterial biomarker of no mulch treatment.Plastic mulch did not affect soil bacterial community Alpha diversity,but significantly affected soil bacterial community Beta diversity,resulting in a significant difference in soil bacterial community structure between plastic mulch and no mulch treatments.Plastic mulch played a significant role in regulating the bacterial community structure because plastic mulch prevented rainwater infiltration and increased soil temperature and available nitrogen.Changes in bacterial community composition and structure may have implications for bacterial community function.Plastic mulch was found to promote the expression of genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and translation functions in the bacterial community, which could enhance carbon and nitrogen availability for crops and improve crop yield. In conclusion, plastic mulch can significantly alter the taxonomical and functional composition of the soil bacterial community by affecting soil physicochemical properties such as water content, temperature, and nutrients.
作者
修于清
陈扣平
吴吉春
XIU Yuqing;CHEN Kouping;WU Jichun(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《生态科学》
北大核心
2025年第3期202-211,共10页
Ecological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41772258)。
关键词
覆膜
土壤理化指标
土壤细菌群落
湿润区
plastic mulch
soil physicochemical properties
soil bacterial community
humid regions
作者简介
修于清(1995-),女,山东烟台人,硕士研究生,水文学与水资源专业,E-mail:xiuyq@smail.nju.edu.cn;通信作者:吴吉春,男,博士,教授,主要从事地下水数值模拟和水环境研究,E-mail:jcwu@nju.edu.cn。
