摘要
为探究厨余发酵产物(Fermentation products of table leftovers, FTL)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能、免疫酶活和消化能力的影响,本研究在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、3%、6%和9%比例的FTL,制成4组颗粒饲料,选取平均体质量为(69.10±5.40)g的草鱼360尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,饲喂30 d,统计草鱼生长指标,测定血清免疫酶和肝脏消化酶活性,观察肝脏和肠道组织结构。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,FTL添加组草鱼的增重率、特定生长率、存活率、饲料系数、肥满度均无显著差异,但6%添加组的增重率和特定生长率比对照组高2.21%和1.76%,饲料系数降低3.45%。(2)FTL添加组肌肉水分和粗蛋白含量与对照组无显著差异,但3%添加组粗脂肪和6%添加组粗灰分含量较对照组显著降低了12.08%和6.82%。(3)FTL添加组血清碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性与对照组间无显著差异,但酸性磷酸酶活性显著升高。(4)各组间肝脏淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著差异,但胰蛋白酶活性FTL添加组显著高于对照组,其中9%添加组最高,比对照组高26.05%。(5)组织学观察显示,各组肝脏和肠道形态正常,无明显病变;与对照组相比,6%添加组肝脏中肝细胞索和肝血窦结构更清晰,肠绒毛长度增加1.35%,排列更为紧密整齐。综上,FTL可以应用于草鱼饲料中,当添加量不超过6%时,草鱼的增重率和特定生长率提高,饲料系数下降,且免疫力和消化能力整体提升,综合效益最好。
Four experimental diets were formulated by adding 0%(control),3%,6%,and 9%FTL to the basic diet to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermentation products of table leftovers(FTL)on growth,immune enzyme activity,and digestive capacity in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).A total of 360 grass carp with an average initial body weight of(69.10±5.40)g were randomly divided into four groups(3 replicates per group,30 fish per replicate)and fed for 30 days.Growth indicators,serum immune enzyme activities,hepatic digestive enzymes,and liver/intestinal histology were analysed.The results showed that FTL supplementation had no significant effects on weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,feed conversion ratio,or condition factor compared to the control group.However,the 6%FTL group exhibited a 2.21%increase in weight gain rate,a 1.76%increase in specific growth rate,and a 3.45%reduction in feed conversion ratio.No significant differences were observed in muscle moisture or crude protein content among groups,but crude fat in the 3%FTL group and crude ash in the 6%FTL group were significantly reduced by 12.08%and 6.82%,respectively.Serum alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme activities showed no significant changes,while acid phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the FTL-supplemented groups.Hepatic amylase and lipase activities showed no significant differences among groups,whereas trypsin activity was significantly increased in the FTL-supplemented groups,with the 9%FTL group exhibiting the highest trypsin activity,an increase of 26.05%compared to the control.Histological analysis revealed all groups′normal liver and intestinal morphology.Compared to the control group,the 6%FTL group displayed more distinct hepatic cord structures,abundant hepatic sinusoids,and intestinal villi with a 1.35%increase in length and tighter epithelial arrangement.In conclusion,FTL can be incorporated into grass carp diets.Supplementation at≤6%improves growth performance,reduces feed conversion ratio,and enhances immune and digestive functions,yielding optimal overall benefits.
作者
蔡云霞
沈宇航
杨元晖
顾泽茂
CAI Yunxia;SHEN Yuhang;YANG Yuanhui;GU Zemao(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Beijing Golden Way Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100085,China;Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070,China;Shanghai Wenxin Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201107,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
北大核心
2025年第4期47-54,共8页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2021-620-000-001-33)
校企合作项目(2022-4201-13-000122)。
作者简介
第一作者:蔡云霞(1986-),女,硕士,专业方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:caiyunxia@jiabowen.com;通讯作者:顾泽茂。E-mail:guzemao@mail.hzau.edu.cn。
