摘要
山西商人在辉煌五百年的经商历程中形成了独到的经商智慧,其中预防恶性竞争机制就是一项重要的商业遗产。山西商人在外经商以山西会馆维持商帮联络,同时使会馆成为商人公议商事,解决和预防恶性竞争的一个内部平台。标期是山西商人在商业实践中形成的定期结算制度,客观上起到了维护市场稳定、促进商号合作的作用。长于从事远距离贸易的山西商人积极遵守各种地方商业规范,这些繁杂的商业规范从外部限制了山西商人的恶性竞争。山西商人在长期的经商实践中形成的预防恶性竞争机制是其获得持续发展的重要因素,值得进一步关注和重视。
During the five-hundred-year business history,Shanxi merchants have developed their business wisdom,among which the mechanism for preventing vicious competition is an important business legacy.Shanxi merchants established numerous Shanxi Guild Halls wherever they conducted business,which played a fundamental role in uniting Shanxi merchants from all over the country.With the growth of Shanxi merchants,the Shanxi Guild Hall gradually became the main place for Shanxi merchants to hold public business meetings.The Guild Hall originally had the function of maintaining the friendship among fellow villagers.Among the inscriptions preserved in the Shanxi Guild Hall,there are a large number of contents about preventing vicious competition among merchants and maintaining friendly relations among them.Meanwhile,the Shanxi Guild Hall also has a relatively complete operation mechanism,which can ensure the effective implementation of the resolutions of the Guild Hall to prevent vicious competition in terms of funds,organization and punishment.It is an internal platform for Shanxi merchants to solve and prevent vicious competition.The biaoqi system is a regular settlement system mainly used by Shanxi merchants.The basis of the biaoqi is to complete credit purchases and loans on credit.The cost of not settling accounts on time is credit bankruptcy and business closure.In the Biaoqi system,there are also methods such as“xianjiao houfu”(先交后付,to contract sales on credit first,with payment for goods settled at a later biaoqi)and“dingmao”(订卯,the process of inter-financial institutional clearing),which effectively protect and restrain both trading parties and achieve the long-term stability of financial capital.Under the biaoqi system,the interest rate is set through the negotiation of merchants’assemblies,which plays an important role in stabilizing the financial order.The biaoqi system as a financial guarantee is an effective way for Shanxi merchants to prevent vicious competition.Shanxi merchants who are good at long-distance trade attach great importance to abiding by business norms and uphold the business concept of opposing vicious competition.From the practice of long-distance trade,it can be seen that regardless of the size of the business name,Shanxi merchants will actively abide by various commercial norms in different places when doing business outside.These local norms are extremely detailed and complex,restricting the vicious competition among Shanxi merchants from the outside.Shanxi merchants actively abide by local norms,turning passivity into initiative in long-distance trade.They have transformed the complex local norm system into a profit growth point for themselves,fundamentally achieving the effect of preventing vicious competition.The mechanism for preventing vicious competition formed by Shanxi merchants in their long-term business practice is an important factor for their sustainable development and deserves further attention and emphasis.
作者
魏晓锴
陈稷东
Wei Xiaokai;Chen Jidong(School of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,P.R.China)
出处
《山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期202-208,共7页
Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
山西商人
山西会馆
标期制度
地方规范
预防恶性竞争
Shanxi merchants
Shanxi Guild Hall
Biaoqi system
Local norms
Prevention of vicious competition
作者简介
魏晓锴,山西大学历史文化学院教授,博士生导师(weixiaokai@sxu.edu.cn);陈稷东,山西大学历史文化学院博士研究生(2481091599@qq.com)。
