摘要
生态敏感性评价是辨识区域生态脆弱性与潜在生态风险的关键技术手段,对制定生态保护规划及促进区域可持续发展具有重要指导意义。山西省万荣县地处黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,自然环境脆弱,土壤侵蚀、水土流失等生态问题严重。研究其生态敏感性特征,有助于识别关键生态问题,明确区域敏感性空间分布,为优化土地利用方式和制定生态保护策略提供科学依据。通过集成地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)技术与层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP),构建了适用于万荣县生态特征的敏感性评价模型。选取高程、坡度、坡向、地表切割深度、水域缓冲区、植被覆盖率、土地利用类型、道路缓冲区和人口密度九个因子,综合评价研究区的生态敏感性。通过GIS空间分析技术量化敏感性等级,并运用权重赋值方法生成生态敏感性分布图,揭示其空间分异特征和主要影响因子。结果表明,万荣县生态敏感性整体呈现东南高、西北低的空间分布特征。极度和高度敏感区域主要集中在地形破碎、水土流失严重的区域;中度敏感区广泛分布于台塬过渡地带和冲沟密集区;低度和不敏感区分布在地势平坦、自然植被覆盖率较低的区域。极敏感区面积占比为8.32%,高敏感区面积占比为21.13%,中敏感区面积占比为28.69%,低敏感区及不敏感区面积占比为27.53%和14.34%。此外,植被覆盖度、水域缓冲区及道路缓冲区是影响万荣县生态敏感性的主要因子。基于研究结果,提出了一系列生境修复与生态保护策略,包括植被恢复、水土保持工程、湿地修复以及土地利用优化等,旨在改善生态环境,提升区域生态承载力。研究表明,AHP与GIS技术结合能够高效评估区域生态敏感性,为万荣县生态环境保护和经济社会可持续发展提供了理论依据,同时也为其他黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的生态管理与优化提供了参考。
Ecological sensitivity assessment is an important method for identifying regional ecological vulnerabilities and potential ecological issues,and is of great significance for ecological protection planning and regional sustainable development.Wanrong County,located in the hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau,has a fragile natural environment with serious ecological problems such as soil erosion and water and soil loss.Studying its ecological sensitivity characteristics helps identify key ecological issues,clarify the spatial distribution of regional sensitivity,and provides a scientific basis for optimizing land use and formulating ecological protection strategies.Based on GIS technology and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),an ecological sensitivity assessment model for Wanrong County was constructed.Nine factors were selected:elevation,slope,aspect,surface cutting depth,waterbody buffer zones,vegetation coverage,land use types,road buffer zones,and population density.These factors were integrated to evaluate the ecological sensitivity of the study area.Through GIS spatial analysis,the sensitivity levels were quantified,and the weighted value method was used to generate the ecological sensitivity distribution map,revealing its spatial differentiation features and the main influencing factors.The study shows that the ecological sensitivity of Wanrong County exhibits a spatial distribution of high sensitivity in the southeast and low sensitivity in the northwest.Extremely and highly sensitive areas are mainly concentrated in regions with fragmented terrain and severe soil erosion.Moderately sensitive areas are widely distributed in transitional zones between plateaus and gully areas.Low sensitivity and non-sensitive areas are found in flat terrain with low natural vegetation coverage.The area proportion of extremely sensitive zones is 8.32%;highly sensitive zones occupy 21.13%;moderately sensitive zones cover 28.69%,and low sensitivity and non-sensitive zones account for 27.53%and 14.34%,respectively.Additionally,vegetation coverage,waterbody buffer zones,and road buffer zones are the main factors influencing the ecological sensitivity of Wanrong County.Based on the research results,a series of habitat restoration and ecological protection strategies are proposed,including vegetation restoration,soil and water conservation projects,wetland restoration,and land use optimization,aimed at improving the ecological environment and enhancing regional ecological carrying capacity.The study demonstrates that the combination of AHP and GIS technologies can efficiently assess regional ecological sensitivity,providing theoretical support for ecological environment protection and sustainable socio-economic development in Wanrong County,and offering references for ecological management and optimization in other hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau.
作者
王忻沫
商振东
Wang Xinmo;Shang Zhendong(Faculty of Architecture and Art,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2025年第11期215-222,共8页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
关键词
生态敏感性
生境修复
综合评价
万荣县
ecological sensitivity
habitat restoration
comprehensive evaluation
Wanrong County
作者简介
第一作者:王忻沫(1999-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为建筑学。;通讯作者:商振东(1968-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为风景园林规划设计。
