摘要
[目的]本研究旨在探究不同生物有机肥对江苏地区‘夏黑’葡萄双季生产中花芽发育与果实品质的调控效应,通过对比土壤改良效果、树体生理响应及果实品质形成机制,筛选最优施肥方案,为当地“一年两收”栽培模式的科学施肥提供理论支撑与技术依据。[方法]以6年生‘夏黑’葡萄为试验材料,于夏季果、冬季果采收后分别以全元生物有机肥(T1)、解淀粉芽胞杆菌生物有机肥(T2)、木霉生物有机肥(T3)作为基肥施入,同时以不施肥(CK)为对照,比较夏、冬两季果生长周期中的土壤理化性质、树体生长发育以及果实品质的变化。[结果]在一定程度上,不同生物有机肥均有利于土壤养分、树体生长发育及果实品质的提升,以T2处理效果最佳。与CK相比,T2处理中夏、冬季果有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量分别提高51.93%~64.46%、45.34%~55.43%、5.68%~151.04%。夏、冬季果生长期中主梢长度、主梢粗度、节间长度分别增加13.47%~53.15%、9.68%~9.83%、15.93%~17.86%。夏、冬季果提前着色4~8 d且显著促进五粒重增重17.30%~45.33%,增产效果显著。夏、冬季果中总体增糖效果由大到小表现为T2、T3、T1处理。与CK相比,T2处理的夏、冬季果总糖含量增加21.96%~50.46%。对果皮花色苷和果肉糖酸合成与代谢相关基因表达进行分析,发现生物有机肥处理上调VvSUT1、VvSPS、VvAI、VvME、VvF3′5′H、VvUFGT和VvCHI等基因的表达,下调VvIDH和VvPEPC基因表达,进而促进糖和花色苷积累以及酸降解。[结论]将解淀粉芽胞杆菌生物有机肥作为基肥施用对‘夏黑’葡萄“一年两收”栽培模式下土壤养分的提升效果最好。该处理显著促进了树势的恢复并极大改善了‘夏黑’葡萄果实的品质,综合评价值最高,有利于江苏省葡萄“一年两收”栽培模式的开展。
[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate bio-organic fertilization strategies for optimizing flower bud differentiation and fruit quality in Vitis vinifera‘Summer Black’under Jiangsu s dual-cropping conditions.By analyzing soil improvement,vine physiology,and fruit quality,an optimal fertilization regime for sustainable nutrient management of“two harvests in one year”was identified.[Methods]Six-year-old‘Summer Black’grapes were used as experimental materials.After harvesting in summer and winter,the whole bio-organic fertilizer(T1),Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bio-organic fertilizer(T2)and Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer(T3)were used as base fertilizers,respectively.At the same time,no fertilization(CK)was used as a control to compare the changes of soil physical and chemical properties,tree growth and fruit quality in the growth cycle of summer and winter.[Results]To a certain extent,different bio-organic fertilizers were beneficial to improving soil nutrients,tree growth and fruit quality,and T2 treatment had the best effect.Compared with CK,the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium in summer and winter fruits of T2 treatment increased by 51.93%-64.46%,45.34%-55.43%and 5.68%-151.04%,respectively.Compared with CK,the length,coarseness and internode length of main shoots in summer and winter fruit growth period increased by 13.47%-53.15%,9.68%-9.83%and 15.93%-17.86%,respectively.In addition,T2 treatment could significantly improve fruit quality.Compared with CK,T2 treatment could make the summer and winter fruit coloring 4-8 days in advance and significantly promote the weight gain of five grains by 17.30%-45.33%,and the yield increase effect was significant.The overall sugar-increasing effects in summer and winter fruits were ranked:T2,T3,T1 treatment.Compared with CK,the total sugar content of fruits treated with T2 in summer and winter increased by 21.96%-50.46%.In addition,the analysis of the expression of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism in peel and pulp showed that bio-organic fertilizer treatment up-regulated the expression of VvSUT1,VvSPS,VvAI,VvME,VvF3′5′H,VvUFGT and VvCHI genes,and down-regulated the expression of VvIDH and VvPEPC genes,thereby promoting the accumulation of sugar and anthocyanin and the degradation of acid.[Conclusions]The application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of soil nutrients under the cultivation mode of‘Summer Black’and“two harvests in one year”.This treatment significantly promoted the recovery of tree vigor and greatly improved the quality of‘Summer Black’grape fruit.The comprehensive evaluation value was the highest,which was conducive to the development of the cultivation mode of“two harvests in one year”in Jiangsu Province.
作者
张沛智
王西成
殷雯
王天祥
刘司瑜
方项
王锐
朱家平
房经贵
上官凌飞
ZHANG Peizhi;WANG Xicheng;YIN Wen;WANG Tianxiang;LIU Siyu;FANG Xiang;WANG Rui;ZHU Jiaping;FANG Jinggui;SHANGGUAN Lingfei(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 211800,China;Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 211800,China;Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Agronomy and Horticulture,Jiangsu Vocational College Agriculture and Forestry,Jurong 212400,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Nanjing Jinniuhu Jinshan Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211521,China)
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期790-801,共12页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(21)2027]
江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_0209)
江苏省高等学校优势学科项目(PAPD)
江苏现代农业产业体系建设项目(JATS〔2022〕457)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01001)。
关键词
生物有机肥
一年两收
果实品质
‘夏黑’葡萄
bio-organic fertilizer
two harvests in one year
fruit quality
‘Summer Black’grape
作者简介
通信作者:上官凌飞,教授,研究方向为葡萄栽培生理与分子生物学,E-mail:shangguanlf@njau.edu.cn。
