摘要
输电铁塔水平钢绞线防坠落装置是确保施工、维护人员人身安全的最后一道防线。然而,现有防坠落装置主要基于经验使用,忽略了人体受到的冲击荷载及轨道变形特征,可能导致人员的二次伤害。为此,开展了水平钢绞线防坠落装置的不同轨道跨度、不同坠落高度的坠落试验及分析,研究了水平钢绞线轨道防坠落装置在冲击作用下的动力响应。基于能量平衡法提出了水平钢绞线轨道防坠落装置最大坠落距离计算方法及各部件的吸能比例。最后,建立了坠落冲击荷载下防坠落装置的有限元分析模型并与试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:坠落高度越大,冲击荷载及钢绞线轨道张力越大;轨道跨度越大,冲击荷载越小,钢绞线轨道张力越大;随着冲击荷载增大,安全绳的刚度逐渐增大,其延伸及缓坠性能降低,吸收的能量减小,人体剩余的坠落势能主要由轨道承担。坠落高度大于1.5 m时,冲击荷载便已大于人体安全界限。相关结果可为水平钢绞线防坠落装置设计提供依据。
This paper examines the safety characteristics of fall arrest devices used in transmission towers.We designed and implemented a test device for lifting and releasing dummies for drop impact tests.A total of sixteen fall tests,varying in track spans and fall heights,were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of the horizontal steel strand track fall arrest device under impact.Subsequently,we proposed a calculation method for determining the maximum falling distance of the device and the energy absorption ratio of each component,utilizing the energy balance method.Finally,a finite element analysis model was developed and validated against the experimental results.The findings indicate that as the falling height increases,both the impact load and the tension in the steel strand track also increase.Conversely,with a larger track span,the impact load decreases while the tension in the steel strand track increases.Additionally,as the impact load rises,the stiffness of the safety rope gradually increases,resulting in reduced extension and slower fall performance,along with decreased energy absorption.The residual fall potential energy of the human body is primarily absorbed by the track.When the fall height exceeds 1.5 meters,the impact load surpasses the human safety limit.Following the fall,the steel strand track experiences irreversible plastic deformation,with the extent of bending increasing as the track span enlarges.Furthermore,the anchor points of the horizontal steel strand fall arrest device in the transmission tower meet the dynamic stress performance requirement of 22 kN.At lower falling heights,there is a noticeable discrepancy between the calculation method based on energy balance and the actual results.However,at greater falling heights,the calculations align closely with the experimental findings,with errors remaining within 10%.The established finite element model effectively demonstrates the dynamic response of the fall arrest device under impact loads during falls,making it a valuable tool for the design and analysis of horizontal steel strand fall arrest devices.
作者
吴千丰
解大波
胡海涛
王灿
孙雪峰
范崇凯
张大长
WU Qianfeng;XIE Dabo;HU Haitao;WANG Can;SUN Xuefeng;FAN Chongkai;ZHANG Dachang(Suqian Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Suqian 223800,Jiangsu,China;College of Civil Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期2612-2622,共11页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国网江苏省电力有限公司省管产业单位科技项目(JC2024096)
宿迁市市级指导性科技计划项目(Z2022080)。
关键词
安全工程
输电铁塔
防坠落装置
水平轨道
钢绞线
安全特性
能量平衡
safety engineering
transmission tower
fall arrest device
horizontal track
steel strand
safety characteristics
energy balance
作者简介
吴千丰,高级工程师,硕士,从事输电线路等电网设计研究;通信作者:张大长,教授,博士,从事输变电结构、钢结构方面的研究,dczhang@njtech.edu.cn。
