摘要
巴勒斯坦问题是中东问题的核心议题。作为中东地区的关键国家,土耳其在该问题上的长期积极介入,成为研判该国“欧洲化”取向的重要指针,反映出土耳其的本体安全焦虑。冷战期间,土耳其与欧洲的巴勒斯坦政策基本保持一致,共同服务于西方阵营的整体平衡。冷战结束后,土耳其利用“阈限”地位积极调解巴勒斯坦问题,将欧洲认同纳入国家本体安全建构。“铸铅行动”后,土欧立场出现分野,土耳其强化对巴勒斯坦国的支持,升级对以色列的谴责。“阿克萨洪水行动”以来,尽管土耳其与欧盟均呼吁停火并主张“两国方案”,但在界定巴以冲突主体、人道主义援助机制、承认巴勒斯坦的联合国正式成员国等方面,土耳其的主张与陷入道德困境的欧洲形成鲜明差异。土耳其共和国建立以来,本体安全焦虑便与凯末尔主义者主张的“欧洲化”路径深度绑定。数十年的入盟努力不仅未能缓解焦虑,进程的停滞反而加剧了身份困境。从积极融入的“欧洲化”,到削弱欧洲共识的“去欧洲化”,再到对“欧洲化”的反思性调整,土耳其在巴勒斯坦问题上的摇摆与坚持,本质上是欧洲对土耳其身份接纳程度的动态映射:每当欧洲呈现出排斥态度,土耳其的“欧洲化”惯性便会遭遇本土质疑,继而推动其强化奥斯曼帝国继承者的历史叙事。
The Palestinian Question is at the centre of the Middle East issue.As one of the major countries in the Middle East,Turkiye's long-term active involvement in the Palestinian Question has emerged as a guidepost for judging its orientation towards Europeanization',reflecting its ontological security anxieties.During the Cold War,Turkiye's Palestinian policy was largely aligned with that of Europe,thus contributing to the overall balance of the Western coalition.In the post-Cold War era,Turkiye took advantage of its'threshold'status to actively mediate the Palestinian issue and incorporate European identity into its national ontological construction.After Operation Cast Lead,with Turkiye's strengthening support for the State of Palestine and intensified condemnation of Israel,divergences emerged between the stands of Turkiye and Europe.Since the military operation Al-Aqsa Flood by Hamas,although both Turkiye and the EU have called for a ceasefire and advocated for the Two-State Solution,Turkiye's position is in stark contrast to that of Europe,who is trapped in a moral dilemma,in terms of defining the subject matter of the conflict,the mechanisms for humanitarian aid,and the recognition of Palestine as a full member of the UN.Turkiye's ontological security has long been deeply influenced by the‘Europeanization'strategy advocated by Kemalists.Not only decades of accession efforts have failed to alleviate these anxieties,but the stagnation of the process has exacerbated the identity dilemma.From the‘Europeanization'with active integration,to the‘de-Europeanization'of weakening the European consensus and finally to the reflexive adjustment to'Europeanization',Turkiye's wavering and insistence on the Palestinian issue is a dynamic reflection of Europe's perception of Turkiye.Whenever there is a rejectionist attitude in Europe,Turkiye's Europeanization'inertia is challenged domestically,which in turn reinforced the historical narrative of the successor of the Ottoman Empire.
作者
章远
肖秀女
ZHANG Yuan;XIAO Xiunv
出处
《欧洲研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期90-115,I0004,共27页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中东和平的治理困境变化和中国的对策研究”(项目批准号:24BGJ078)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
章远,上海外国语大学中东研究所研究员;肖秀女,上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院、中东研究所2021级博士研究生。
