摘要
多倍体育种是木薯种质创新的重要途径。为探讨木薯多倍化对植株表型、生长势、主要光合生理指标等的影响,本研究对8个木薯二倍体及其诱导获得的同源四倍体资源的28个质量性状和18个数量性状进行了鉴定评价,对植株生长势、光合作用相关生理指标等进行了比较分析。结果表明,8个木薯品种间在40个表型性状上表现差异,裂叶形状在二倍体与同源四倍体间差异明显,同源四倍体较对应二倍体大多表现出裂叶比例降低、株高变矮、块根数量减少等表型性状。8个品种中新选048、华南12号同源四倍体地下部重显著大于对应二倍体,南植199、华南14号同源四倍体干物质含量显著高于对应二倍体。植株生长势指标调查发现,多数同源四倍体株高显著低于对应二倍体;多数同源四倍体同期叶片数少于对应二倍体,并于8月底至10月初达到叶片持有量最高点;染色体加倍对各品种茎粗的影响规律不明显。8个同源四倍体的净光合速率均表现为显著高于对应二倍体。本研究明确了8个木薯二倍体品种及其同源四倍体的表型差异及生长发育特征,解析了染色体加倍对植株的影响和发生规律,为木薯多倍化研究提供了材料和理论基础。
Polyploid breeding is an important way to innovate cassava germplasms.In order to explore the effects of cassava polyploidization on plant phenotype,plant growth potential,and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators,we analyzed 28 quality traits and 18 quantitative traits of 8 cassava varieties and their corresponding induced autotetraploid resources.The results showed that 8 cassava varieties showed differences in 40 phenotypic traits.The leaf center leaflet shape traits were significantly different between the diploid varieties and their autotetraploid resources.The majority of autotetraploid resources shows reduced ratio of lobe length to lobe width of central leaf lobe,shortened plant height,and reduced number of root tubers compared with corresponding diploids.Only the roots weight per plant of Xinxuan 048 and South China No.12 autotetraploids increased significantly,and the dry matter content of Nanzhi 199 and South China No.14 autotetraploids increased significantly.A survey of plant growth potential indicators found that most of the autotetraploid varieties have significantly lower plant height than diploids.And most of the autotetraploids have lower leaf numbers than the corresponding diploids during the same period,and reach the highest leaf holdings from late August to early October.The effect of chromosome doubling on the stem diameter of each variety is not obvious.The net photosynthetic rate of 8 varieties all shows significantly higher rate in autotetraploidsthan diploids.This study clarified the phenotypic differences,growth and development characteristics between diploids and autotetraploids of 8 varieties,analyzed the impact and occurrence rules of chromosome doubling on plants,and provided materials and theoretical basis for cassava polyploidy research.
作者
陆柳英
曾文丹
尚小红
曹升
肖亮
程冬
施平丽
龙紫媛
李祥
严华兵
LU Liuying;ZENG Wendan;SHANG Xiaohong;CAO Sheng;XIAO Liang;CHENG Dong;SHI Pingli;LONG Ziyuan;LI Xiang;YAN Huabing(Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1142-1153,共12页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家重点研发计划专项(2023YFD1600600)
广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFAA010194)。
关键词
木薯同源四倍体
表型性状
生长势
光合速率
autotetraploid cassava
phenotypic traits
growth vigor
photosynthetic rate
作者简介
第一作者:陆柳英,研究方向为薯类作物遗传育种,E-mail:luliuying2008@163.com;通信作者:严华兵,研究方向为木薯、葛根生物技术育种,E-mail:h.b.yan@hotmail.com。
