摘要
机载软件是典型的安全关键软件,其开发和验证过程在航空业内受到严格控制。机载软件的复杂性和多样性使得需求分析成为关键的研究内容,特别是在需求验证阶段,需要关注系统部件之间的交互方式以及变量之间的依赖关系是否满足预期。对此,提出了一种面向机载软件需求的基于VRM模型的耦合分析方法,定义了需求中变量之间的依赖关系,通过度量指标来衡量系统部件之间的数据耦合和控制耦合。为了弥补基于需求层面的耦合分析技术的不足,使用VRM模型作为形式化需求模型,在系统需求层次进行建模和分析,有效支撑了DO-178C对数据耦合、控制耦合和软件部件的相关要求。同时,提出了基于变量间层次依赖关系的耦合度量方法,将变量间的关系定义为n叉依赖树的结构,并使用一系列算法对变量划分权重。通过构造变量矩阵、需求变量依赖树等方法对耦合度进行度量,形成了基于变量依赖关系的数据耦合和控制耦合分析原型。该研究突破了基于需求层面的耦合分析技术,为复杂系统的设计提供了帮助,提高了机载软件开发的质量和可靠性。
The airborne software is a typical safety-critical software,and its development and verification process is strictly regulated in the aviation industry.The complexity and diversity of airborne software make requirements analysis a crucial area of research.Particularly during the requirements verification phase,it is essential to focus on the interaction patterns between system components and whether the dependencies between variables meet expectations.Therefore,This paper proposes a coupling analysis method based on the VRM model for airborne software requirements,which defines the dependencies between variables in the requirements,and measures the data coupling and control coupling between system components through metrics.In order to solve the deficiencies of the coupling analysis technique based on the requirement level,this paper uses the VRM model as a formal requirement model to model and analyze the system requirements at the system requirement level,which effectively supports the relevant requirements of DO-178C for data coupling,control coupling and software components.Secondly,this paper proposes a coupling measurement method based on the hierarchical dependency relationship between variables,defines the relationship between variables as an n-forked dependency tree structure,and uses a series of algorithms to classify the weights of the variables to measure the coupling degree by constructing variable matrices,demand variable dependency trees,etc.,which forms a prototype for analyzing the data and control coupling based on the dependency relationship of the variables.The research in this paper breaks through the coupling analysis technology based on the requirement level,which provides help for the design of complex systems and improves the quality and reliability of airborne software development.
作者
尹伟
窦霖
高忠杰
王立松
孙倩
YIN Wei;DOU Lin;GAO Zhongjie;WANG Lisong;SUN Qian(China Aeronautical Radio Electronics Research Institute,Shanghai 200241,China;Zhongxing Telecom Equipment,Nanjing 210000,China;College of Computer Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)
出处
《计算机科学》
北大核心
2025年第7期58-68,共11页
Computer Science
基金
工信部民机预研项目(YY-23171-ZX)。
关键词
VRM模型
数据耦合
控制耦合
需求变量依赖树
VRM modeling
Data coupling
Control coupling
Demand variable dependency trees
作者简介
通信作者:尹伟,born in 1979,Ph.D,profes-sorate senior engineer.His main research interests include control science and engineering,avionics,software engineering and artificial intelligence.yinw008@avic.com。
