摘要
真核生物的基因组以染色质形式紧密包装于细胞核内,核小体则构成了染色质的基本结构单元.在细胞中,核小体并非静态存在,其结构具有高度动态性,并与染色质的结构调控与功能执行密切相关.近年来,随着研究技术的不断进步,越来越多的证据表明,在核小体结构的动态变化与调控过程中,能够形成多种多样的亚核小体结构,进而参与染色质的构象调控与生物学功能调节.作为一种新兴的表观遗传特征,亚核小体正受到日益广泛的关注.本文将综述近年来利用单分子技术、原子力显微镜、冷冻电子显微镜及高通量测序等方法在亚核小体结构研究方面的最新进展,重点探讨亚核小体结构的动态特性,以及其在染色质重塑、转录和DNA复制等过程中形成的分子机制.
In eukaryotes, the genome is compactly organized within the nucleus as chromatin, with nucleosomes serving as its fundamental structural units. Rather than being static, nucleosomes exhibit substantial structural dynamics, closely tied to chromatin regulation and function. Recent technological advances have revealed that dynamic remodeling of nucleosomes gives rise to diverse subnucleosomal structures, which contribute to chromatin architecture modulation and biological function regulation. As emerging epigenetic features, subnucleosomes have garnered increasing interest. This review highlights recent advances in the study of subnucleosomal structures using single-molecule techniques, atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, and high-throughput sequencing, with a focus on their dynamic characteristics and the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation during chromatin remodeling, transcription, and DNA replication.
作者
温增麒
龙海珍
WEN ZengQi;LONG HaiZhen(School of Medicine,Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen 518107,China;Institute of Molecular Physiology,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory,Shenzhen 518132,China)
出处
《中国科学:生命科学》
北大核心
2025年第6期1060-1072,共13页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFA1302801)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:32422015,32370647)
深圳市优秀科技创新人才培养项目(批准号:RCYX20221008092930079)
深圳市医学研究专项基金(批准号:B2402044)
深圳市科技计划(任务书编号:GXWD20201231165807008,项目文本号:20220817134430001)资助。
作者简介
联系人:温增麒,E-mail:wenzq7@mail.sysu.edu.cn;联系人:龙海珍,E-mail:longhaizhen@szbl.ac.cn。
