药用琥珀的科学表征:基于地质学和考古学的证据

Scientific characterization of medicinal amber:evidence from geological and archaeological studies

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摘要琥珀及亚化石树脂是多个领域的共同研究对象,但因其来源多元、成分复杂,不同学科对其定义和功能认知存在差异。琥珀作为传统药材在中医药利用中历史悠久,文献记载丰富,但其分类、来源、名实等概念和界定仍较模糊,可靠的药用琥珀文物非常稀缺。该研究基于傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,对不同地质产地的琥珀和亚化石树脂、市售“药用琥珀”样品进行表征,并结合历史文献和市场调查探讨其来源、成分及功能属性。结果表明,不同产地和成分的琥珀及亚化石树脂在FTIR的1800~700 cm^(-1)波数具有独特的指纹特征。市场上流通的“药用琥珀”主要为亚化石树脂或现代树脂,与地质琥珀在成分和结构上存在显著差异。该研究强调多学科交叉研究对于琥珀鉴定及资源管理的重要性。应在建立系统的琥珀及亚化石树脂表征数据库基础上,结合多种现代分析技术,加强对其成分、药理机制及潜在疗效的研究,以推进琥珀资源的规范化利用及中医药的现代化发展。 Amber and subfossil resins are subjects of interdisciplinary research across multiple fields.However,due to their diverse origins and complex compositions,different disciplines vary in their definitions and functional interpretations.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),amber has been utilized as a medicinal material since ancient time,with extensive historical documentation.However,its classification,provenance,and nomenclature remain ambiguous,and authentic medicinal amber artifacts are exceedingly rare.This study employed Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)to characterize amber and subfossil resins from various geological sources and commercially"medicinal amber"Additionally,historical literature and market surveys were analyzed to explore their provenance,composition,and functional attributes.The results indicate that amber and subfossil resins from different sources and with different compositions exhibit distinct fingerprint characteristics in the FTIR spectral range of 1800-700 cm^(-1)."Medicinal amber"available in the market primarily consists of subfossil or modern resins,significantly differing in composition and structure from geological amber.This study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research on amber identification and resource management.It is essential to establish a systematic database of amber and subfossil resin characteristics and integrate modern analytical techniques to enhance research on their composition,pharmacological mechanisms,and potential therapeutic effects,thereby promoting the standardized utilization of amber resources and advancing the modernization of TCM.

作者刘琦李青会黄迪颖李妍肖攀白吉庆彭华胜黄璐琦 LIU Qi;LI Qing-hui;HUANG Di-ying;LI Yan;XIAO Pan;BAI Ji-qing;PENG Hua-sheng;HUANG Lu-qi(Hunan Key Laboratory of Archaeometry and Conservation Science,Changsha 410008,China;Hunan Museum(the Cultural Relics Appraisal Center of Hunan Province),Changsha 410008,China;the National Museum of Asian Art,Washington,DC.20004,USA;Center of Sci-Tech Archaeology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Gemological Institute,China University of Geoscience,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Engineering Research Center of Jewelry,Wuhan 430074,China;Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,China;Shaanxi Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712046,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heritage(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Beijing 100700,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)