摘要
海洋倾倒是海域空间资源利用的重要方式之一。《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》已经颁布实施二十余年,海域使用管理法律体系已基本健全,但海洋倾倒用海一直未纳入海域使用管理实践中来,其重要原因之一是对海洋倾倒和倾倒区的用海性质认识模糊不清。本文结合相关法律规范和管理实践,从用海的排他性及兼容性、公益性、公共性等相关概念入手,辨析海洋倾倒用海和倾倒区用海的性质。通过梳理回顾2018年国务院机构改革前后我国海洋倾倒管理制度建设和管理实践发展历程,指出在海洋倾倒用海管理政策制定和实践中存在的主要问题,包括倾倒区用海分类设定不合理、倾倒用海管理层级与倾倒环保管理层级不协调、机构改革后自然资源与生态环境两个主管部门之间海洋倾废管理信息共享不畅等。最后提出了改进和加强海洋倾倒用海管理的对策建议:一是聚焦海洋倾倒活动,调整用海管理对象;二是优化用海审批层级,重塑倾倒管理流程;三是强化倾倒区规划管理,推进海洋倾倒监管信息共享。
Ocean dumping is one of the important ways to utilize marine spatial resources.The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of the Use of Sea Areas has been promulgated and implemented for more than 20 years.However,the area of marine dumping has not been included in the practice of sea area use management.One of the important reasons is that the understanding of the nature of marine dumping and dumping areas is unclear.Based on the relevant laws and regulations and management practice,this paper starts from the related concepts such as the exclusivity and compatibility,public welfare and public nature of sea use,and analyzes the nature of marine dumping and dumping area use.It reviews the management status of China's dumping sea before and after the institutional reform,and points out the main problems existing in policy formulation and management practice.Some suggestions for improving and strengthening the management of marine dumping are proposed:Firstly,focus on dumping activities and adjust management objects;Secondly,optimize the approval level for ocean dumping and reshape the management process;Thirdly,strengthen the planning and management of dumping areas and promote information sharing on marine dumping supervision.
作者
韦应新
刘建华
张亚超
李祥煌
WEI Yingxin;LIU Jianhua;ZHANG Yachao;LI Xianghuang(East China Sea Survey Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Shanghai 200137,China)
出处
《自然资源情报》
2025年第6期35-40,共6页
Natural Resources Information
关键词
海洋倾倒
倾倒区
海域使用
排他性
marine dumping
dumping area
sea area use
exclusiveness
作者简介
第一作者:韦应新(1978-),男,高级工程师,主要从事海洋资源调查及开发利用管理研究。E-mail:wyx2019@qq.com。
