摘要
朱鹮Nipponia nippon为世界濒危鸟类,也是我国15个珍稀濒危野生动物野化放归关键种之一。钱江源地区是朱鹮的历史分布区,2023年2月,园区内释放了首批10只朱鹮。本研究基于卫星跟踪方法,监测到朱鹮自放飞至11月间的活动状况,采集到5只朱鹮的9841条有效位点和活动量数据,并利用核密度估计法(KDE)计算朱鹮的活动区面积。结果显示,钱江源国家公园5只放飞朱鹮的平均跟踪时长为123.18 d。在放飞初期,朱鹮个体活动量较低,随着对环境的适应,其活动量逐渐增加。此外,3只朱鹮个体在距放飞点1 km范围内活动,2只个体出现了直线距离约20 km的扩散行为,其中1只个体扩散至江西省婺源县,这表明放飞地邻近地区存在适宜朱鹮生存的潜在栖息地。探明野化放飞朱鹮的活动量和活动范围,不仅有助于了解其对野外环境的适应状况,还可为后续补充释放提供参考、为制定有效的保护干预措施提供依据。首批放飞朱鹮的活动路线表明,在钱江源国家公园持续开展朱鹮野化放飞,对重建中国朱鹮南方种群具有重要意义。
Nipponia nippon,an endangered bird species,is one of the released fifteen key species belonging to rare and endangered wild animals in China.Qianjiangyuan Area is the historical distribution area of N.nippon,where ten N.nippon individuals were released in February 2023.On the basis of satellite tracking method,this paper monitored the activities of N.nippon released from February 22ed to November,2023 in Qianjiangyuan National Park,collecting 9841 effective sites and moving data of five individuals,and calculating their activity area by kernel density estimation(KDE).The results showed that the average tracking time of five individuals was 123.18 days,the amount of individual activity was low in the initial stage of release,and then gradually increased with the adaptation to the environment.In addition,three individuals moved around within 1-km range away from the releasing site,and two exhibited the dispersal behavior with a linear distance of almost 20 km,one of them dispersed to Wuyuan County,Jiangxi Province,which indicated that there were potential habitats for N.nippon to survive in the vicinity of the releasing site.The amount and range of activity of the released N.Nippon not only does favor to understand its adaptation to the wild environment and provide reference for subsequent plans of supplementary release,but also offers evidence for formulating timely and effective conservation strategy.The moving routes of the released N.Nippon indicate that the continuous release in Qianjiangyuan National Park will have important significance for reconstructing N.Nippon population in the Southern China.
作者
陈小南
徐向龙
雷宇
余建平
钱海源
胡媛媛
姜家虎
丁长青
CHEN Xiaonan;XU Xianglong;LEI Yu;YU Jianping;QIAN Haiyuan;HU Yuanyuan;JIANG Jiahu;DING Changqing(Qianjiangyuan National Park Administration of Zhejiang,Quzhou 324300,Zhejiang,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《浙江林业科技》
2025年第3期54-62,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology
基金
钱江源国家公园朱鹮监测项目(QZNHKH2023-15)
国家自然科学基金项目(32270554,32400400)。
关键词
朱鹮
再引入
活动水平
卫星跟踪
钱江源国家公园
Nipponia nippon
reintroduction
movement level
satellite tracking method
Qianjiangyuan National Park
作者简介
陈小南,高级工程师,从事保护地管理与野生动物研究,E-mail:kkkuboy21241@163.com;通信作者:丁长青,教授,从事鸟类生态学研究,E-mail:cqding@bjfu.edu.cn。
