摘要
【目的】系统评估我国近海短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)、卵蛸(Amphioctopus ovulum)、长蛸(Octopus minor)和中华蛸(Octopus sinensis)等4种主要蛸类的角质颚形态与生长特征,为探索蛸类物种在复杂生态环境中的适应机制提供科学依据。【方法】选择4个蛸类物种角质颚形态研究的分组样本50~80对,采用27个地标点,根据性腺成熟度将4个蛸类物种划分为不同发育阶段,基于几何形态测量法系统分析角质颚形态随个体生长的变化。【结果与结论】长蛸与中华蛸在上、下颚形态上明显区别于短蛸和卵蛸;长蛸和中华蛸的角质颚形态在生长发育过程中有明显变化,卵蛸则在未成熟阶段角质颚形态变化更大,短蛸角质颚在生长发育过程中则无明显形态变化。主成分分析(PCA)表明,长蛸、中华蛸在上、下颚形态上与短蛸、卵蛸有明显区别,尤其在PC1轴上的变异最为突出。形态可视化结果表明,喙部、翼部和侧壁是发生明显变化的关键结构,不同物种在发育过程中呈现各自独特的生长轨迹与形态转变方向。此外,多元回归分析表明,4种蛸类角质颚存在明显的异速生长特征。卵蛸的上颚和短蛸的下颚在未成熟阶段呈现快速生长趋势,而中华蛸和长蛸的颚部在成熟阶段则趋于减缓,呈现功能结构趋稳趋势。这种异速生长模式与其摄食习性及生态位利用密切相关,说明角质颚不仅是摄食器官,也是体现物种生态适应和进化压力的重要表型标志。
【Objective】To systematically evaluate the beak morphology and growth characteristics of four major octopus species,namely Amphioctopus fangsiao,Amphioctopus ovulum,Octopus minor and Octopus sinensis,in the coastal waters of China.To provide a scientific basis for exploring the adaptation mechanism of octopus species in complex ecological environments.【Method】The group samples for the study of the morphology of the beaks of four octopus species ranged from 50 to 80 pairs,and 27 geopunctuation marks were used.The individuals were classified into different developmental stages according to gonadal maturity.Using geometric morphometric analysis,this study explored the changes in beak morphology with individual growth.【Result and Conclusion】O.minor and O.sinensis are significantly different from A.fangsiao and A.ovulum in the morphology of their upper and lower jaws.The keratin jaw morphology of the long octopus and the Chinese octopus changes significantly during their growth and development.The keratin jaw morphology of the egg octopus changes even more during the immature stage,while that of the short octopus shows no significant morphological changes during its growth and development.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)revealed that O.minor and O.sinensis were distinctly different from A.fangsiao and A.ovulum in both upper and lower beak morphology,particularly along the PC1 axis,which accounted for the majority of shape variation.Shape visualization indicated that the rostrum,wings,and lateral wall were the key regions undergoing notable changes,with each species displaying unique growth trajectories and directional shape shifts during development.Furthermore,multiple regression analysis revealed the distinct heterocytic growth characteristics of the horny jaws of four species of octopuses.For example,the upper beak of A.ovulum and the lower beak of A.fangsiao exhibited rapid growth during the immature stages,while the beaks of O.minor and O.sinensis showed slower growth in the mature stages,suggesting a functional stabilization of the feeding structures.These allometric patterns appear to be closely associated with feeding habits and ecological niche utilization.The beak,therefore,not only functions as a feeding organ but also serves as a key phenotypic trait reflecting ecological adaptation and evolutionary pressures among different octopus species.
作者
刘佳翔
王超
方舟
LIU Jiaxiang;WANG Chao;FANG Zhou(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《广东海洋大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期12-20,I0002,I0003,共11页
Journal of Guangdong Ocean University
基金
国家自然基金青年项目(42306117)。
作者简介
第一作者:刘佳翔(2000-),男,硕士研究生,从事近海渔业资源生物学研究。E-mail:1296797188@qq.com;通信作者:方舟(1988-),男,副教授,从事渔业资源生物学研究。E-mail:zfang@shou.edu.cn。
