摘要
铝(Al)粉作为一种高能活性金属可燃剂,在推进剂和炸药等含能材料中具有重要的研究价值。为了增加Al粉与其他组分间的接触面积,缩短传质传热距离,采用化学刻蚀法对普通Al粉表面进行改性,研制了表面具有孔洞结构的多孔铝(p-Al)粉,并利用硝化纤维素(NC)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)对其进行了表面包覆,制备了一种新型多孔铝基复合微球。通过扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和同步热分析仪表征了复合微球的结构与热性能。结果表明:经过刻蚀改性后的p-Al与常规Al有显著差异,表面有明显“蚀刻”孔洞结构,有效地提高了其比表面积;在350~500℃范围内,NC/p-Al出现放热双峰,放热量为578 J/g,总放热量为1 922 J/g,较NC/Al提升了27.7%;p-Al可以催化PVDF的分解,提前发生预点火反应;对比不同的复合微球,其燃烧残留物表明p-Al的热分解反应更完全。
As a high-energy reactive metal combustible agent,aluminum(Al)powder is of great value for the research on energetic materials such as propellants and explosives.To enhance the contact area between Al powder and other components and shorten the mass and heat transfer distances,the surface of conventional Al powder was modified by a chemical etching method.Porous aluminum(p-Al)powder with pore structure on the surface was developed,and its surface was coated with nitrocellulose(NC)and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)to prepare novel porous aluminum-based composite microspheres,whose structure and thermal properties were characterized using scanning electron microscope,energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer and synchronous thermal analyzer.The results indicated that after etching modification,p-Al with obvious"etched"pore structures on the surface effectively increases its specific surface area;at 350-500℃,NC/p-Al exhibits two exothermic peaks,with a heat release of 578 J/g and a total heat release of 1922 J/g,27.7%higher than that of NC/Al;p-Al can catalyze the decomposition of PVDF and cause the pre-ignition reaction to occur in advance;comparing different composite microspheres,the combustion residues indicate that the thermal decomposition reaction of p-Al is more complete.
作者
王菲
李朝东
吴艳光
WANG Fei;LI Chaodong;WU Yanguang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)
出处
《武汉工程大学学报》
2025年第3期291-297,共7页
Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology
基金
湖北省自然科学基金(2020CFB649)
武汉工程大学研究生教育创新基金(CX2023092)。
关键词
含能材料
多孔铝粉
硝化纤维素
接触面积
热性能
energetic material
porous aluminum powder
nitrocellulose
contact area
thermal performance
作者简介
王菲,硕士研究生。Email:wangfay9590@163.com;通信作者:吴艳光,博士,副教授。Email:wygddxyz@163.com。
