摘要
为了解珠江下游星湖鱼类多样性和外来鱼类入侵现状。2023年34月在星湖的中心湖、仙女湖、波海湖和青莲湖4个湖区开展鱼类资源调查,运用百分比相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数、Jaccard相似性指数、非度量多维尺度排序法和丰度生物量曲线(ABC)分析鱼类物种组成、优势度、分布格局和多样性等。累计采集鱼类23种(或变种),包括鲮、鲫和鲢等11种土著鱼类,豹纹翼甲鲇、条纹鲮脂鲤和麦瑞加拉鲮等12种外来鱼类。外来鱼类无论从种类数(累计占比52.17%),还是生物量(累计占比74.94%)、丰度(累计占比77.05%)、百分比相对重要性指数(累计占比79.24%)等方面都占据绝对优势。豹纹翼甲鲇、条纹鲮脂鲤、伽利略罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、齐氏罗非鱼和麦瑞加拉鲮是入侵高风险的外来鱼类,在星湖均有稳定的种群,如果不加以控制,将对星湖的土著鱼类和生态环境造成较大的影响。其中,豹纹翼甲鲇是星湖的绝对优势物种,也是星湖生态风险最高的物种。相似性分析结果表明,Jaccard相似性指数平均数值为0.70,处于“相似”等级,表明星湖4个湖区的鱼类群落较为相似;群落扰动分析的W值趋近于0,表明星湖鱼类群落受到的人类干扰处于较低水平;物种多样性结果表明,中心湖和青莲湖的鱼类物种多样性高于仙女湖和波海湖,星湖总体物种多样性处于较为正常的水平。星湖当前最大的生态隐患是外来鱼类的入侵,而非直接的人为干扰。
To reveal the fish diversity and alien fish invasion status of 4 lake areas of Lake Xinghu(Lake Zhongxin,Lake Xiannv,Lake Bohai and Lake Qinglian),fish resource survey was conducted from March to April 2023.Index of relative importance,species diversity index,Jaccard similarity index,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS),abundance-biomass comparison curve were used to analyze the species composition,dominance,distribution patterns and diversity of fish in this study.A total of 23 fish species were captured in this survey.There were 11 native fish species such as Cirrhina molitorella,Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,12 alien fish species such as Pterygoplichthys pardalis,Prochilodus lineatus and Cirrhinus mrigala.Alien fish species had an absolute advantage in terms of percentage(52.17%cumulative proportion),biomass(74.94%cumulative proportion),abundance(77.05%cumulative proportion),and index of relative importance(79.24%cumulative proportion).Pterygoplichthys pardalis,Prochilodus lineatus,Sarotherodon galilaeus,Oreochromis niloticus,Coptodon zillii and Cirrhinus mrigala are high-risk invasive fish with stable populations.If not being controlled,they would have a significant impact on the native fish and ecological environment of Lake Xinghu.Among them,Pterygoplichthys pardalis was the absolute dominant species with the highest ecological risk.The similarity analysis results showed that the average Jaccard similarity index value was 0.70,which was“similarity”level,indicating that the fish communities were relatively similar at various 4 lake areas;The W value of community disturbance analysis was close to 0,indicating that the fish community of Lake Xinghu was at a relatively low level of human disturbance.The results of species diversity indicated that the overall species diversity in Lake Xinghu was at a relatively normal level,while the fish species diversity in Lake Zhongxin and Lake Qinglian was higher than that in Lake Xiannv and Lake Bohai.At present,the most severe ecological hazard in Lake Xinghu is alien fish invasion,rather than direct human interference.
作者
余梵冬
房苗
舒璐
徐猛
王裕祥
张铭斯
黄骏涵
汪学杰
胡隐昌
韦慧
顾党恩
Yu Fandong;Fang Miao;Shu Lu;Xu Meng;Wang Yuxiang;Zhang Mingsi;Huang Junhan;Wang Xuejie;Hu Yinchang;Wei Hui;Gu Dang en(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
北大核心
2025年第4期1396-1406,共11页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45)
中国水产科学研究院所级基本科研业务费(2024SJRC11,2024SJRC12)
国家重点研发计划(2024YFF1307500)
广州市科技计划(2023B03J1306)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD17)联合资助。
关键词
外来鱼类
物种多样性
优势度
群落相似性
群落扰动
星湖
珠江下游
Alien fish
species diversity
dominance
community similarity
community disturbance
Lake Xinghu
downstream of the Pearl River
作者简介
通信作者:韦慧,E-mail:weihui@prfri.ac.cn;通信作者:顾党恩,E-mail:gudangen@163.com。
