摘要
作为运河与其他河流的交汇口,运口是观察河流关系乃至人地关系的重要节点。运河与长江交汇的瓜洲、仪征运口,是历史上南北交通、河工治理、水源蓄泄以及粮、盐、木材等转运的重要关口,其历史演变既受水文、潮汐、泥沙等自然因素的影响,也受修闸、建坝、筑堤等人为因素的制约。透过大运河的历史视野,瓜、仪运口不仅是淮扬运河的南端点,也长期作为整个运河的南端点。将“浙江”记为运河南端点的表述始见明万历年间,“杭州”作为运河南端点的表述则晚至清前期出现。自先秦至晚清的历史过程中,瓜、仪运口变迁具有明显的时空特征,时间上呈数量由少到多、类型由坝到闸、功能由引到泄的变化,空间上呈自北而南又自南而北的变化。瓜、仪运口的变迁过程伴随着江运关系的调整,总的趋势是人为干预不断增强,反映了以运道畅通为目的、以水资源控制为中心、以工程治理为手段的江运关系的复杂性以及人地关系的不断调整。以史为鉴,人与河流是生命共同体,人地关系调整要顺应自然规律,因时因地变通。
As the confluence of the canal and other rivers,the port serves as an important node for observing relationships between river systems and even human-environment interactions.The Guazhou-Yizheng port,where the Grand Canal meets the Yangtze River,historically functioned as strategic hubs for north-south transportation,river regulation,water storage and drainage,and commodity transshipment including grain,salt and timber.The historical evolution of the port was affected by both natural factors including hydrology,tidal patterns,sediment deposition and human interventions particularly the construction of sluice gates,dams,and embankments.According to the history of the Grand Canal,the Guazhou-Yizheng port served not only as the southern terminus of the Huaiyang Canal but also as the primary southern endpoint of the Grand Canal system for centuries.The earliest documented identification of Zhejiang as the Grand Canal’s southern terminus emerged during the Wanli era of the Ming dynasty,whereas records about Hangzhou’s designation as the southern endpoint only appeared in the early Qing period.From the pre-Qin era to the late Qing dynasty,the evolution of the Guazhou-Yizheng port exhibited distinct spatiotemporal patterns,i.e.,quantitatively progressing from few to multiple structures,structurally transitioning from simple dams to sluice gates,functionally shifting from water diversion to drainage systems,and spatially migrating first southward then northward.The transformation of Guazhou-Yizheng port developed in tandem with the evolving relationship between the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal,demonstrating a clear trend of increasing human intervention.This process reflected the complexity of the river transportation systems that pursued the unobstructed navigation as the objective,focused on the water resource control as the core,and employed engineering governance as the method,along with ongoing human-environment adaptations.Historical wisdom reveals that humans and rivers constitute an interdependent ecosystem,where adjustments to humanenvironment relationships must comply with natural laws while maintaining flexibility according to temporal and spatial contexts.
作者
李德楠
LI Denan(Faculty of History,Culture and Tourism,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223300,China)
出处
《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》
2025年第4期1-13,共13页
Journal of Ningbo University:Liberal Arts Edition
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华治水历史脉络梳理与国家文化形象构建研究”(22JZD039)。
关键词
运河
长江
瓜、仪运口
江运关系
The Grand Canal
the Yangtze River
Guazhou-Yizheng port
the relationship between the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal
作者简介
李德楠,教授,博士,主要研究方向:历史地理、黄河史、运河史、环境史。E-mail:denanli@163.com。
