摘要
周秦社会“天下”意识的文献反映,见于百家之说。“天下”归“一”,成为当时的时代追求。然而“一天下”与“天下一”的实现路径,王霸之学有深刻的歧见。而实际历史走向,与《韩非子》“进兼天下”“强匡天下”的设计主张一致。“秦并天下”以及后来的“汉并天下”之后,一种新的涉及“天下”主题的政治理念出声,并产生历史反响。这就是“天下非一人之天下也,天下之天下也”。在“皇帝并有天下,别黑白而定一尊”的帝权至上的时代,“天下非一人之天下也,天下之天下也”的开明的政治意识有合乎理性的历史意义。“天下之天下”说,是中国古代政治思想史的文明亮点。
The conceptual reflection of“Tianxia”(All-under-Heaven)天下in Zhou and Qin societies is evident in the discourses of various philosophical schools.The unification of Tianxia became the era’s prevailing pursuit.However,there were profound disagreements between the doctrines of benevolent rule(Kingly Way)and hegemonic rule(Hegemonic Way)regarding the path to achieving“One Tianxia”(a unified Tianxia)一天下and“Tianxia as One”(Tianxia as a unified whole)天下一.The actual historical trajectory aligned with the design proposed in Han Feizi韩非子,advocating“advancing to unify Tianxia”进兼天下and“strengthening to rectify Tianxia”强匡天下.After“Qin’s Unification of Tianxia”and later“Han’s Unification of Tianxia”,a new political philosophy concerning the theme of Tianxia emerged and resonated historically.This was the assertion that“Tianxia does not belong to a single individual;Tianxia belongs to all”.In an era where imperial authority was supreme,as epitomized by the notion that“the emperor possesses Tianxia,distinguishing right from wrong and establishing singular authority”,the enlightened political consciousness encapsulated in“Tianxia does not belong to a single individual;Tianxia belongs to all”held rational historical significance.The theory of“Tianxia belonging to all”represents a defining feature of civilization in the history of ancient Chinese political thought.
出处
《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期107-118,共12页
Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究专项项目“新发现周秦汉唐西北民族关系史料的整理与研究”(23VMZ006)。
关键词
东周
秦汉
天下观
政治意识
天下非一人之天下
天下之天下
Eastern Zhou
Qin and Han
concept of Tianxia
political consciousness
Tianxia does not belong to a single individual
Tianxia belongs to all
