摘要
全球人口的增长导致对畜禽产品的需求增加,同时气候变化和环境压力对畜禽生存和生产构成挑战,国内自主选育的核心畜禽品种较为缺乏,“生物育种”成为了农业新质生产力的“国家战略”。因此,需要培育出性状优良及适应性强的畜禽新品种。组学与分子生物学技术的不断发展促进了基因组学、转录组学、表观遗传学、三维基因组学、宏基因组学以及单细胞等多组学技术手段的开发和改良,并成功结合应用到全基因组关联分析、标记辅助选择、全基因组选择等畜禽生物育种方法中。随着前沿组学技术的创新和发展,畜禽生物性状功能发生的潜在分子遗传机制也实现了解析。为了更好地利用基因组-多组学育种技术和理念助力畜禽生物育种,本文对主要的畜禽生物性状形成和分子育种相关组学技术的内容和特点进行总结,阐述了经典组学技术的原理和应用,主要涉及基因组、转录组、蛋白组等。同时也指出这些技术的局限性,由此介绍了一系列新型组学技术,包括三维基因组学技术和肠道微生物组学技术以及单细胞组学技术。并归纳了“基因组-多组学”育种理念在畜禽重要经济性状解析和分子生物育种研究中的应用,同时概述了这些组学技术的应用场景及存在的挑战。最后,探讨了多组学技术的综合应用,并对未来组学技术的发展趋势进行了展望。本文旨在为畜禽重要性状的研究及育种领域的发展提供新的参考,推动畜禽育种向更精准、更高效、更经济的方向发展。
The growth of the global population has led to an increase in the demand for livestock and poultry products,while climate change and environmental pressures pose challenges to the survival and production of livestock and poultry.The independently selected core livestock and poultry breeds in China is rather lack,and thus"biological breeding"has become a"national strategy"for the New Quality Productivity of Agriculture.Therefore,it is necessary to breed new livestock and poultry breeds with excellent traits and strong adaptability.The continuous development of omics and molecular biology technology has promoted the development and improvement of genomics,transcriptomics,epigenetics,three-dimensional genomics,metagenomics,and single-cell and other multi-omics technologies,and successfully combined and applied to genome-wide association analysis,marker-assisted selection,genome-wide selection and other livestock and poultry bio-breeding methods.With the innovation and development of cutting-edge genomics technologies,the potential molecular genetic mechanisms of livestock and poultry biomorphogenesis have also been realized to be resolved.In order to make better use of Genomic&Multi-omics Breeding techniques and concepts to help livestock and poultry biological breeding,this review summarizes the contents and characteristics of the main livestock and poultry biological trait formation and molecular breeding-related genomics technologies.It firstly describes the principles and applications of classical genomics technologies,which are mainly related to genomes,transcriptomes,proteomes,etc.Meanwhile,it also pointed out the limitations of these technologies,and introduced a series of new omics technologies,including three-dimensional(3D)genomics,gut microbiomics and single-cell omics.It also summarizes the application of the Genomic&Multi-omics Breeding concept in the analysis of economically important traits and molecular biological breeding of livestock and poultry and outlines the application scenarios and challenges of these genomics technologies.Finally,the review discusses the comprehensive application of multi-omics technology,and looks forward to the future development trend of genomics technology.It aims to provide new references for the research of important traits of livestock and poultry and the development of breeding field,and to promote the development of livestock and poultry breeding towards a more precise,efficient,and economical direction.
作者
李晨莹
孔大帅
李若楠
张玉波
阎萍
李奎
孔思远
LI Chen-ying;KONG Da-shuai;LI Ruo-nan;ZHANG Yu-bo;YAN ping;LI Kui;KONG Si-yuan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109;Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Ge-nomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120;College of Animal Science and Technology,College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University(HACAU),Wuhan 430070;Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Acad-emy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730050)
出处
《生物技术通报》
北大核心
2025年第6期71-86,共16页
Biotechnology Bulletin
基金
中国博士后科学基金博士后创新人才支持计划(BX2021367)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M703543)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32202653)
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515010766)
深圳市科技创新局可持续发展专项(KCXFZ20201221173205015)
畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室开放课题(2024SKLAB6-112)。
关键词
畜禽
性状
组学技术
基因组
三维基因组
宏基因组
生物育种
livestock and poultry
traits
omics technologies
genomes
three-dimensional genomes
metagenomes
biotechnological breeding
作者简介
共同第一作者通:李晨莹,女,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物遗传育种与繁殖,E-mail:lcy1998102022@163.com;共同第一作者:孔大帅;通信作者:孔思远,男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:动物基因组学和分子遗传育种,E-mail:kongsiyuan@caas.cn。
