摘要
甘蔗(Saccharum hybrids spp.)是广西重要的糖料作物和经济作物。了解和掌握甘蔗养分需求特性,是促进甘蔗高产、优质及高效栽培的重要基础。近年我国甘蔗新品种选育和推广迅速,为促进甘蔗新品种高效栽培,结合广西甘蔗新品种推广种植情况,在当地甘蔗主产区红壤旱地,采用田间试验,分析桂糖44号、桂糖49号、桂糖55号、桂糖58号及粤糖00-236新植蔗和宿根蔗干物质积累、养分积累及养分效率。结果表明:各品种2 a宿根蔗干物质积累量均明显多于新植蔗和1a宿根蔗;三季甘蔗茎和全株干物质的积累量总量均以桂糖58号最多,分别为66 946、96 785 kg/hm^(2),较其余品种分别增加6.48%~19.01%、2.57%~25.06%,其次是粤糖00-236,而桂糖49号最少;各品种2 a宿根蔗N、P及K积累量均明显多于新植蔗和1 a宿根蔗;各品种不同作物季N、P及K积累量分别为99.81~212.18、11.04~27.01、150.09~400.29 kg/hm^(2),其中三季的累积量均以桂糖58号最多,分别较其余品种增加5.16%~20.75%、4.38%~31.85%、6.29%~21.45%,而桂糖49号均最少;各品种不同作物季每生产1 t蔗茎需N、P及K分别为1.66~2.59、0.19~0.30、2.76~3.76 kg,其中三季均以桂糖44号和桂糖55号较多,而桂糖49号较少;三季甘蔗N、P及K经济效率均以桂糖49号较高,生理效率均以粤糖00-236较高。可见,桂糖58的生物产量性状较好,桂糖49号、粤糖00-236养分效率较高。
Sugarcane(Saccharum hybrids spp.)is an important sugar crop and cash crop in Guangxi.Revealing the characteristics of sugarcane nutrient requirements is an important foundation for promoting high yield,high quality and efficient cultivation of sugarcane.In recent years,the selection and application of new sugarcane varieties in China have been rapid.A field experiment was conducted in the main sugarcane producing areas of Guangxi on red upland soil to promote the efficient cultivation of new sugarcane varieties.The dry matter accumulation,nutrient accumulation,and nutrient efficiency of GT44,GT49,GT55,GT58 and YT00-236 in both plant and ratoon crops were analyzed.The res-ults showed that the dry matter accumulation in the 2^(nd) ratoon crop of the five varieties was significantly higher than that in the plant and 1^(st) ratoon crops.The accumulated amount of stalk dry matter and whole crop dry matter in three crops were the highest in GT58,reaching 66946 kg/hm^(2)and 96785 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which was 6.48%‒19.01%and 2.57%‒25.06%more than that in the other varieties,followed by YT 00-236,and the least in GT 49.The accumulation of N,P and K in the 2^(nd) ratoon crop was significantly higher than that in the plant and 1^(st) ratoon crops for all the variet-ies.In different crops,the accumulation of N,P and K in the five varieties was 99.81‒212.18,11.04‒27.01,150.09‒400.29 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The accumulated amount of N,P and K in the three crops was the highest in GT58,which increased by 5.16%‒20.75%,4.38%‒31.85%and 6.29%‒21.45%,respectively,compared with the other varieties,and that in GT49 was the lowest.The N,P,K requirement of a ton cane in different crops for the five varieties was 1.66‒2.59,0.19‒0.30 and 2.76‒3.76 kg,respectively,but GT44 and GT55 had more requirements while GT49 had less requirements.The economic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the three crops was higher in GT49,and the physiological efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was higher in YT00-236.In conclusion,the biological production of GT58 is better,and the nutrient efficiency of GT49 and YT0026 is higher.
作者
韦冬萍
韦剑锋
胡桂娟
罗小芬
马纪
邓冬梅
吴炫柯
韦春露
WEI Dongping;WEI Jianfeng;HU Guijuan;LUO Xiaofen;MA Ji;DENG Dongmei;WU Xuanke;WEI Chunlu(Liuzhou Institute of Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545616,China;Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545006,China;Liuzhou Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545005,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1683-1691,共9页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(No.2020GXNSFAA297015,No.2023GXNSFAA026450)
广西糖资源绿色加工重点实验室开放课题(No.GXTZYKF202201)。
关键词
甘蔗
干物质
氮
磷
钾
sugarcane
dry matter
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
作者简介
韦冬萍(1982-),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:作物营养与生理生态。;通信作者:韦剑锋(WEI Jianfeng),E-mail:jianfengwei@163.com。
