摘要
【目的】青浦区作为上海市重要饮用水水源保护区,揭示其水质变化规律对评估上海市水环境变化具有重要意义。【方法】文章以青浦区主要骨干河道为研究对象,基于28个水质监测断面2001年-2023年的水质数据(DO、CODMn、CODCr、BOD5、氨氮及TP),采用单因子分析法和水质综合指数法评价了骨干河道总体水质状况,利用M-K检验分析了各个水质指标变化趋势,同时用Pearson相关系数法探究了影响水质变化的主要因素。【结果】(1)2001年-2023年,青浦区骨干河道总体水质变化分为4个阶段:2011年之前,劣Ⅴ类和差的断面占比较多,水质状况为重度污染;2011年-2015年,劣Ⅴ类和差断面比例下降,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质比例升高,水质状况为中度污染;2016年开始,劣Ⅴ类比例继续下降,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质比例持续升高,到2020年消除劣Ⅴ类,同时差的断面比例到2022年为0,水质状况为轻度污染;至2023年,水质继续改善,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质和良好断面比例分别提升至79.8%和64.9%,水质状况为良好;(2)青浦区骨干河道各水质指标均呈现显著改善趋势,并经历了先恶化再改善的过程。水质指标显著改善的起始时间从早到晚依次为TP、CODCr、DO、氨氮、CODMn、BOD5;除TP外,其余指标2023年均值可稳定达到Ⅱ类;(3)上游来水水质改善、国家及青浦区实施的环保政策、入河污染物量减少及政府在水环境治理方面的资金投入等,共同促进了青浦区骨干河道水质的持续改善。【结论】研究可为青浦区进一步提升河湖水环境质量提供科学依据,也为其余区域河湖管理提供参考及借鉴。
[Objective]As a critical drinking water source conservation area in Shanghai,understanding the water quality variation patterns in Qingpu District is of great significance for assessing the city's aquatic environmental changes.[Methods]This study focused on the backbone rivers in Qingpu District,utilizing water quality data(DO,CODMn,CODCr,BOD5,ammonia nitrogen,and TP)from 28 monitoring sections spanning from 2001 to 2023.The overall water quality status was evaluated using the single-factor analysis method and the water quality indexmethod.The Mann-Kendall(M-K)test was employed to analyze trends in water quality parameters,while the Pearson correlation coefficient method identified key factors influencing water quality changes.[Results](1)From 2001 to 2023,the water quality evolution of the arterial rivers was divided into four stages:Before 2011,sections classified as"grade V-"(below class V)and"Poor"dominated,indicating a"Severely Polluted"status.During 2011 to 2015,the proportion of grade V-and"Poor"sections decreased,while gradesⅠ~Ⅲincreased,transitioning to"moderately polluted."Starting in 2016,grade V-sections continued to decline,and gradesⅠ~Ⅲfurther improved,achieving the elimination of grade V-by 2020 and reducing"Poor"sections to zero by 2022,resulting in a"mildly polluted"status.By 2023,water quality continued to enhance,with gradesⅠ~Ⅲand"Good"sections increasing to 79.8%and 64.9%,respectively,reaching an overall"good"status.(2)All water quality parameters exhibited significant improvement trends following an initial deterioration phase.The chronological onset of improvement was sequenced as TP,CODCr,DO,ammonia nitrogen,CODMn,and BOD5.By 2023,all parameters except TP stabilized at ClassⅡstandards.(3)The sustained water quality improvement was driven by enhanced upstream inflow quality,national and local environmental policies,reduced pollutant discharges into rivers,and increased governmental investments in water environment governance.[Conclusion]This study provides a scientific basis for further improving aquatic environmental management in Qingpu District and offers valuable references for river-lake management in other regions.
作者
秦红
QIN Hong(Shanghai Qingpu Hydrological Survey Team,Shanghai 201700,China)
出处
《净水技术》
2025年第S1期294-304,330,共12页
Water Purification Technology
基金
上海市水务局科研计划项目(沪水科2024-20)。
关键词
水质变化
上游来水
骨干河道
影响因素
趋势分析
variation of water quality
upstream water
backbone rivers
influencing factors
trend analysis
作者简介
通信作者:秦红(1974-),女,硕士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事水文水资源监测与分析评价等工作,E-mail:13817333325@163.com。
