摘要
全球人口增长加剧了水质恶化,水资源保护和规划中的水质信息越来越成为研究热点.为探讨浙江省地表水水质时空变化特征及驱动机制,采用浙江省2015年1月—2023年9月219个省控月度水质数据断面监测点的12个水质指标数据,运用单因子统计法、水质指数法和结构方程模型等方法,对水质情况进行综合评价并且分析其驱动因子.结果表明:(1)近9年浙江省地表水整体水质等级为“良好”,但仍然存在污染严重超标地区;在空间尺度上,污染严重地区多集中在嘉兴、湖州为主的浙北地区,以及台州、温州为主的浙南沿海地区及舟山市.(2)在时间尺度上,2015—2018年为水质快速改善阶段,这主要是响应2013年开始开展的“五水共治”行动;2018—2023年为水环境修复阶段.(3)基于分类,3类水质参数中易净化的指标(CI2)是影响水质的主导因素,NH_(3)-N、BOD_(5)和COD_(Mn)均与水质指数(WQI)存在高度正相关,说明浙江省存在水体有机物污染;此外,进一步分析表明,极少数沿海地区存在Cr6+和TP超标,说明工业废水中的重金属污染和水体富营养化也是浙江省地表水水质治理的核心.(4)经济发展与浙江省地表水水质状况存在复杂关系;土地利用类型和自然气候与水质之间存在显著的相关性,自然气候因素通过改变水体的物理和化学条件,间接影响水质.本研究可为浙江省水资源保护和管理提供科学依据,同时,为实现SDGs具体目标提供有关信息.
Population growth has deteriorated the water quality.Consequently,research in water quality and water resources protection and planning have increasingly become a high priority research hotspot.In order to explore the spatial and temporal changes and driving mechanism of surface water quality in Zhejiang Province,12 water quality index data of 219 monthly water quality monitoring stations in Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to September 2023 were used to comprehensively evaluate the water quality and analyze the driving factors by using single factor statistical method,water quality index method,and structural equation modeling.The results showed that:①In the past 9 years,the overall water quality of the surface water was'good'in Zhejiang Province,but there were still some areas with serious pollution.On the spatial scale,the areas with serious pollution are mostly concentrated in northern Zhejiang such as Jiaxing and Huzhou,and in the southeast coastal areas of Zhejiang such as Zhoushan City,Taizhou and Wenzhou;②On the temporal scale,the period of 2015—2018 is identified as the stage of rapid improvement of water quality,which is mainly reflected in response to the five-water co-governance action started in 2013.In comparison,the period 2018—2023 is considered as the stage of water environment restoration;③Among the three types of water quality parameters,the index of easy purification(CI2)was found to be the dominant factor affecting water quality.NH_(3)-N,BOD_(5)and COD_(Mn)are highly positively correlated with WQI,indicating that there is organic pollution in Zhejiang Province.In addition,further analysis showed that Cr6+and TP exceeded the standard benchmark in a very small number of coastal areas which indicating that heavy metal pollution from industrial wastewater and eutrophication of water bodies are controlled by the Zhejiang Province;④Economic development and population density were found to have an inverse relationship with surface water quality in Zhejiang Province.There is a significant correlation between land use type and natural climate on water quality.In contrast,forested areas land plays an important role in improving water quality.Natural climate factors indirectly affect water quality by changing the physical and chemical properties of the water body.This study provides a scientific basis for the protection and management of water resources in Zhejiang Province.Meanwhile,it also provides relevant information for the understanding of SDGs target.
作者
朱莎
傅欣婷
熊思晨
谷幸蔚
宋宗鸿
徐宇凌
张振振
张飞
ZHU Sha;FU Xinting;XIONG Sichen;GU Xingwei;SONG Zonghong;XU Yuling;ZHANG Zhenzhen;ZHANG Fei(School of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004;Zhejiang Jinhua Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Jinhua 321000)
出处
《环境科学学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期184-204,共21页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
浙江师范大学“双龙学者”特聘教授科研启动费资助项目。
作者简介
朱莎(2003-),女,E-mail:3636226064@qq.com;张飞,E-mail:zhangfei3s@163.com。
