摘要
本研究以乌海市某关停铅锌矿区为研究对象,对矿区固废堆场周边土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Hg、As、Cr、Ni的含量特征进行了分析。采用嵌入I_(geo)综合污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤中重金属污染情况进行评价。结果表明,除Hg、Ni外,Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、As、Cr的平均含量均大于内蒙古土壤背景值。嵌入I_(geo)的综合指数评价结果显示:轻度污染样点占全部样点的64%,中度污染样点占18%,偏中度污染样点占9%,偏重度污染样点占9%;内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示:轻微污染样点占全部样点的9%,中强度污染样点占64%,显著污染样点占27%;潜在生态危害指数法结果显示:低度生态风险样点占全部样点的64%,中度生态风险样点占27%,重度生态风险样点占9%。由于矿区的固废堆场缺乏完善的三防措施,风蚀、水蚀造成周边土壤受到污染,3种方法评价结果整体趋势一致,但污染程度具有一定差异性,基于多种方法评价结果认为潜在生态危害指数法的评价结果更全面地反映了重金属污染对生态环境的影响,该研究可为今后相关矿区的治理研究提供数据支持。
This study took a closed lead-zinc mining area in Wuhai as the research object,and analyzed the content characteristics of Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu,Hg,As,Cr,Ni,in the soil around the solid waste dump in the mining area.The results showed that the average contents of Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu,As,and Cr were all higher than the soil background values in Inner Mongolia,except for Hg and Ni.The results of the comprehensive index evaluation incorporating I_(geo) indicate that 64% of all sampling points are lightly polluted,18% are moderately polluted,9% are somewhat moderately polluted,and 9% are somewhat heavily polluted.According to the Nemerow integrated index method,9% of all sampling points are slightly polluted,64% are moderately polluted,and 27% are significantly polluted.The potential ecological risk index method reveals that 64% of all sampling points pose a low ecological risk,27% pose a moderate ecological risk,and 9% pose a high ecological risk.Due to the lack of perfect three-proof measures in the solid waste dump of the mining area,wind erosion and water erosion caused pollution of the surrounding soil.The evaluation results of the three methods showed an overall consistent trend,but there were certain differences in the degree of pollution.Based on the evaluation results of multiple methods,it was believed that the evaluation results of the potential ecological hazard index method more comprehensively reflected the impact of heavy metal pollution on the ecological environment.This study can provide data support for future governance research in related mining areas.
作者
杜晨
王亚红
牛如
DU Chen;WANG Ya-hong;NIU Ru(Xi'an Coal Aeronautics Remote Sensing Information Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710199,China)
出处
《环境生态学》
2025年第5期17-23,共7页
Environmental Ecology
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2021JQ-984)资助。
关键词
铅锌矿区
固废堆场
土壤
重金属污染评价
Lead-zinc mining area
solid waste dump
soil
heavy metal pollution evaluation
作者简介
通讯联系人:杜晨(1994-),男,陕西西安人,硕士,工程师,主要从事矿山地质环境、生态环境修复治理勘查设计及成效评估等工作,E-mail:840169211@qq.com。
