摘要
氮素是作物生长的必需元素之一,作物从外界环境吸收氮素后经过体内的转运、代谢过程而被同化为有机氮,进而促进其生长发育。充分认识作物氮同化过程,对研究作物氮代谢机制,提高作物氮高效利用具有重要意义。本文通过利用citespace软件分析了540篇国内外作物在低氮胁迫下的氮同化,研究进展、热点和发展趋势并进行可视化分析,结果表明低氮胁迫下硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)响应不同,但各个酶之间功能耦合,受多层级调控,不同器官间存在功能分化。NR活性受NRTs双亲和系统及Dof1/miRNA调控。Ni R协同NR受光-氮信号互作,通过基因工程靶向调控亚硝酸盐以提升抗逆性。GDH通过同工酶介导碳氮整合与衰老氮再动员。GOGAT异构体主导氮分配其表达受氮源类型及物种遗传背景调控。最后展望未来作物在氮代谢相关领域研究方向,以期为合理施氮、促进同化物积累、提高作物产量及品质的相关研究提供参考。
Nitrogen is necessary for crop growth.Following the uptake of nitrogen from the external environment,crops convert it as organic nitrogen using internal transport and metabolic processes,thereby promoting growth and development.Understanding the process of nitrogen assimilation in crops is crucial for studying the mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism and enhancing the efficient use of nitrogen in crops.This study examined the research progress,hotspots,and development trends of nitrogen assimilation under low nitrogen stress in domestic and foreign crops based on CiteSpace software,presenting a visualized analysis.The results revealed that nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate synthetase(GOGAT),and glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)exhibit different responses under low nitrogen stress conditions.However,these enzymes are coupled and regulated at multiple levels,leading to functional differentiation among different organs.The NR activity is regulated by the dual-affinity nitrate transporter system(NRTs)and Dof1/miRNA.NiR interacts synergistically with NR to receive light-nitrogen signals and enhances stress resistance by genetically engineered targeted nitrite regulation.GDH facilitates carbon-nitrogen integration and nitrogen mobilization during senescence through isoenzyme mediation.GOGAT isoforms play a dominant role in nitrogen allocation,and their expression is regulated by the nitrogen source type and the genetic background of the species.Finally,we look forward to future research directions for crops in the field of nitrogen metabolism to provide a reference for rational nitrogen application,promote assimilate accumulation,and improve crop yield and quality.
作者
方嘉琪
赵妍
周青平
汪辉
FANG Jiaqi;ZHAO Yan;ZHOU Qingping;WANG Hui(Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;College of Grassland Resources,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China)
出处
《草业科学》
北大核心
2025年第4期1036-1050,共15页
Pratacultural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32001392)
四川省自然科学基金项目(2024NSFSC0311)
西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023NYXXS088)。
关键词
氮代谢
氮同化
低氮胁迫
GS-GOGAT循环
氮利用效率
转录因子
信号通路
nitrogen metabolism
nitrogen assimilation
low nitrogen stress
GS-GOGAT cycle
nitrogen utilization efficiency
transcription factors
signaling pathway
作者简介
第一作者:方嘉琪(2000-),女,甘肃临夏人,硕士,主要从事燕麦穗部器官氮代谢方面的研究。E-mail:fangjiaqi2022@outlook.com;通信作者:汪辉(1989-),男,河南光山人,副研究员,博士,主要从事草类育种与种子科学研究方面的研究。E-mail:zzbiwh@163.com。
