摘要
元氏家族作为皇族是北朝最大的家族,婚姻是元氏家族巩固统治的重要工具,现可知北朝元氏家族与胡汉世家大族通婚约441桩。北朝末期元氏家族失去皇族地位,但仍以其汉化后逐渐积累的家族文化根基,受到世族的认同,这种影响力直至唐代。婚姻是元氏家族与世族建立关系网、稳固其家族地位的纽带,现可知唐代元氏家族婚姻约201桩,其中与67个汉族世族和9个汉化胡族通婚170桩,另有31桩婚姻未详姓氏族属望贯。随着唐代社会的变迁,中唐以后元氏家族也如其他世族,逐渐转变为文化仕宦家族,到晚唐时更接近平民家族而与普通家族通婚,通婚范围亦更广。从元氏家族婚姻变迁中可见元氏家族性质的转变,对唐代元氏家族婚姻的研究亦可为唐代世族婚姻、家族形态转变等话题的探究提供材料和研究视角。
As the royal family,the Yuan family was the largest clan in the Northern Dynasties.Marriage was an important tool for the Yuan family to consolidate its rule.Combining handed-down documents with unearthed materials,the author has conducted a comprehensive analysis of the marriages of the Yuan family in the Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.It is now known that there were about 441 marriages in the Yuan family in the Northern Dynasties,including about 181 marriages with 56 Hu ethnic groups,about 64 marriages with relatives and powerful officials,about 177 marriages with 58 Han gentry,and about 19 marriages with unknown clans.At the end of the Northern Dynasties,the Yuan family,which had lost its royal status,was recognized by the aristocratic families for its former royal family and the family cultural foundation gradually accumulated after being Sinicized.This influence lasted until the Tang Dynasty.Marriage was the bond for the Yuan family to establish a network of relationships with the aristocratic families and consolidate its family status.It is now known that there were about 201 marriages in the Yuan family in the Tang Dynasty,including about 170 marriages with about 67 Han gentry and 9 Hanized Hu ethnic groups,and another 31 marriages with unknown families,clans,and affiliations.The acceptance of the Yuan family among the Han gentry in the Tang Dynasty did not decrease because of its loss of royal status,but greatly increased.Through marriage,the Yuan family greatly strengthened its ties with other aristocratic families and consolidated its foundation in the social politics of the Tang Dynasty.Among the marriages of the Yuan family during the Northern Dynasties,there were 161 marriages in which the Yuan clan married their women to the Hu and Han families,and 280 marriages in which their men married women from the Hu and Han families.The cases of taking in far outnumbered the cases of marrying off.This was related to the royal status of the Yuan clan.The Hu and Han clans also wanted to enhance and consolidate their status through marriages with the Yuan clan.In the Tang Dynasty,the proportion of the two types of marriages between the Yuan clan and the Han clan was roughly the same.This was also a manifestation of the Yuan clan's transformation from a royal family to a family among the aristocratic clans.The family status between marriages was roughly equal.The early and prosperous Tang Dynasty was still an aristocratic society,and the Yuan clan and other aristocratic clans still had a strong political and social influence.The marriages between the Yuan clan and the Han aristocratic clan were mostly in the early and prosperous Tang Dynasty(up to 60%),which was related to the aristocratic status and social politics.The aristocratic society gradually disintegrated from the middle Tang period,and the Yuan clan also became an ordinary official culture family.In late Tang,it almost became a common family,and intermarried with other common families.It is now known that,in general,the number of Yuan clan marriages in the early and prosperous Tang period was far more than that in the middle and late Tang period,while the number of 31 marriages with unknown clans from unknown counties in this period was far more than that in the early and prosperous Tang.This is a reflection of the Yuan family's transformation from a noble family to an ordinary cultural family.As ordinary families often had no records of the counties where they resided or were not recorded in epitaphs,it is natural these types of information were unknown.Therefore,the number of such marriages in the Yuan family increased greatly in the middle and late Tang period.Marriage is an important index reflecting the transformation of social politics and family forms.A comprehensive study and analysis of the marriage of the Yuan family in the Tang dynasty shows the transformation of the structure and status of this family.It also provides materials and research perspectives for the exploration of topics such as the marriage of aristocratic families and the transformation of family forms in the Tang dynasty.
出处
《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第3期143-158,235,236,共18页
Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“北朝元氏文学家族研究”(2018BWY027)
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“汉魏六朝诗地理考”(19FZWB056)。
关键词
唐代
元氏
家族
婚姻
Tang dynasty
Yuan family
Family
Marriage
作者简介
陆路,上海师范大学都市文化研究中心研究员(上海200234)。
