摘要
我国已经初步构建形成了生态空间、生态系统、特定区域的“三位一体”生态系统保护制度体系,具有整体性和系统性保护、保护与发展协调推进、多元共治与协同保护等主要特征。对于生态空间保护,实现了从单一的考虑生态空间保护向统筹考虑生态空间、农业空间和城镇空间的全覆盖管控,从根子上解决了生态空间被挤占的问题。对于重要生态系统,从以往只注重生态系统的资源属性管理转变为生态系统的“资源属性与生态属性”一体化管理,从根子上提高了生态系统质量、生态产品供给能力、自然资源可持续利用程度。对于特定区域,从分区域分要素保护向区域协同、要素协同、社会经济与生态环境协同保护、多元共治的转变。面对新时期生态文明和美丽中国建设的战略需求,我国生态保护制度体系依然需要进一步完善,主要体现在三个方面:亟待明确或制订生态保护基本法、加强重大政策与生态保护制度之间的衔接、以新理念加快推进新时期制度体系的建设。
China has established a“Trinity”ecosystem protection system encompassing ecological space,ecological systems,and specific regions.This system is characterized by three distinct characteristics,which contains comprehensive and systematic protection,harmonizing protection with development,and multi-stakeholder governance&collaborative protection.Its objective is to ensure comprehensive protection of the quantity,quality,and services of ecosystems.In terms of ecological space protection,China has successfully transitioned from exclusively focusing on the protection of ecological space to implementing a comprehensive management and control strategy that encompasses ecological,agricultural,and urban spaces.This integrated approach effectively addresses the issue of encroachment on ecological space,targeting its root cause.For key ecological systems,the emphasis has shifted from managing solely the resource aspects to a holistic management approach that includes both resource and ecological aspects of these systems.This fundamental transformation has effectively enhanced the quality of ecological systems,the capacity for supplying ecological products,and the sustainable utilization of natural resources.For specific regions,there has been a transformation from the protection of individual elements in separate zones to a more coordinated approach that involves regional protection,the coordinated protection of elements,integrated protection of social,economic,and ecological environments,and pluralistic governance.In response to the strategic imperatives of ecological civilization and the development of an aesthetically pleasing China in the modern era,there is still a need for further enhancement of China′s ecological protection system.This improvement is particularly essential in three key areas:the imperative need to establish or formulate fundamental legislation for ecological protection,enhance the alignment between major policies and ecological protection systems,and expedite the establishment of a new era institutional framework based on innovative concepts.
作者
王志斌
沈珍瑶
WANG Zhibin;SHEN Zhenyao(School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期4131-4140,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(52221003)。
关键词
生态保护
生态文明
制度
ecosystem protection
ecological civilization
systems
作者简介
通讯作者:王志斌.E-mail:sepawangzhibin@sina.com。
