摘要
近年来,中国煤岩气革命是非常规天然气的一匹“黑马”,中国石油建成了世界首个年产200×10^(4) t油气当量煤岩气田,实现煤岩气科技、管理与战略3个创新,对全球非常规油气发展具有重大意义。煤岩气突破体现出坚持以“源岩油气”为导向的勘探战略及“立足常规、突破非常规”理论体系的科学性,或可能是中国继页岩油气革命之后的一场“新革命”。为了进一步促进煤岩气规模化勘探开发进程,在阐述煤岩气概念、内涵、类型及发育特征的基础上,系统论述了煤岩气革命的科学意义,总结了当前煤岩气核心勘探开发技术,指出了煤岩气面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。研究结果表明:①中国非常规油气发展历经油砂稠油、致密砂岩油气、页岩油气和煤岩油气4个阶段,煤岩气革命历经了“煤成气”理论、“煤层气”理论、“煤岩气”理论3个阶段与3次突破。②煤岩气指煤岩地层内形成的天然气,煤岩气富集具有“原生原储、原位原聚”特点。③煤岩气革命的科学内涵包括将资源视野从浅层煤岩气扩展到深层煤岩气的科技革命、注重降本增效的管理革命和新增中国天然气新气源的战略革命。④煤岩气两种类型包括地下原位先天地温形成的“煤岩气”、地下原位人工加热形成的“煤岩气”,前者富集的3个关键特征是进入中高成熟度、自封闭顶底板和较高占比游离气;随着原位加热改造技术的发展,地下原位人工加热形成的“煤岩气”资源,有望在天然气工业中发挥出更大的战略性潜力。⑤目前中国煤岩气5个核心勘探开发技术进展包括煤岩气甜点区/段分类标准的制定、高精度地震/地质一体化导向的实现、聚能经济压裂技术的探索、控压排采开发模式的创建、煤岩气数智化平台的开发。⑥煤岩气革命发展仍面临4个关键挑战包括“甜点区/段”分布规律认识不清、低成本少水—无水压裂工艺研发滞后、智能化井工厂建设不能满足需求、煤岩气产量峰值维持难度大。结论认为,中国煤岩气革命将对天然气工业产生重大影响,具体体现在将不断丰富非常规油气地质学理论、地下煤炭气化有望成为一场“真正革命”、人工智能驱动煤岩气创新发展、加速构建天然气经济效益评价完整体系。
China's coal-rock gas revolution has emerged as"dark horse"in the unconventional natural gas industry recently.CNPC has built the world's first coal-rock gas field with an annual output of 200×10^(4) t oil and gas equivalent,realizing innovations in technology,management and strategy of coal-rock gas,which are significant to the global unconventional oil and gas.The breakthrough in coal-rock gas underscores the scientific validities of the"source rock oil and gas"oriented exploration strategy and the theoretical system of"pursuing unconventional breakthroughs while maintaining conventional exploration and development".It may herald a new revolution in China,following the shale oil and gas revolution.In order to further promote the large-scale exploration and development process of coal-rock gas,the concept,connotation,types,and development characteristics of coal-rock gas are introduced.On this basis,the scientific significance of the coal-rock gas revolution is systematically discussed,the existing core exploration and development technologies of coal-rock gas are reviewed,and the challenges to and prospects of coal-rock gas are presented.The following results are obtained.First,China’s unconventional oil and gas industry has gone through four stages:oil sand heavy oil,tight sandstone oil and gas,shale oil and gas,and coal-rock oil and gas,and coal-rock gas revolution has evolved in three stages or with three breakthroughs:the"coal-derived gas"theory,the"coalbed methane"theory,and the"coal-rock gas"theory.Second,coal-rock gas refers to natural gas formed and distributed within coal rock strata.It is generated,accumulated and preserved in the same set of formations.Third,essentially,the coal-rock gas revolution means a technological revolution with the resource perspectives expanding from shallow coal-rock gas to coal-rock gas,a management revolution with the focus on cost reduction and efficiency enhancement,and a strategic revolution with the addition of a new natural gas source to China's energy mix.Fourth,coal-rock gas types include naturally formed underground coal-rock gas and artificially heated"coal-rock gas"from in-situ coal.Key features of naturally formed coal-rock gas enrichment include medium–high maturity,self-sealing roof/floor,and a relatively high proportion of free gas.With the advancement of in-situ heating stimulation technology,artificially heated coal-rock gas resources from in-situ coal are expected to exhibit greater strategic potential in the future natural gas industry.Fifth,the core exploration and development technologies of coal-rock gas in China have demonstrated give progresses:the establishment of classification standards for sweet spot zones/intervals of coal-rock gas,the realization of high-precision seismic-geological integrated guidance,the exploration of energy-efficient fracturing technologies,the creation of pressure-controlled drainage modes,and the development of digital and intelligent platforms for coal-rock gas.Sixth,the coal-rock gas revolution still faces four major challenges:unclear understanding of sweet spot zone/interval distribution patterns,lagging research and development of low-cost,low-water or waterless fracturing processes,insufficient construction of intelligent well factories,and difficulties in maintaining peak coal-rock gas production.It is concluded that China's coal-rock gas revolution will have a profound impact on the oil and gas industry,specifically reflected in the continuously enriching geologic theories of unconventional oil and gas,potentially making underground coal gasification a"true revolution",driving innovation in coalrock gas through artificial intelligence,and accelerating the construction of a comprehensive economic benefit evaluation system.
作者
邹才能
赵群
刘翰林
孙粉锦
陈艳鹏
邓泽
于荣泽
李士祥
杨智
吴松涛
马锋
高金亮
沈振
周国晓
尹帅
宋昱
郭秋雷
李勇
ZOU Caineng;ZHAO Qun;LIU Hanlin;SUN Fenjin;CHEN Yanpeng;DENG Ze;YU Rongze;LI Shixiang;YANG Zhi;WU Songtao;MA Feng;GAO Jinliang;SHEN Zhen;ZHOU Guoxiao;YIN Shuai;SONG Yu;GUO Qiulei;LI Yong(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;CNPC Key Laboratory of Coal-rock Gas,Langfang,Hebei 065007,China;National Energy Shale Gas R&D<Experiment>Center,Langfang,Hebei 065007,China;National Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery,Beijing 100083,China;PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518063,China;PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710018,China;College of Earth Science and Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China;Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources&Reservoir Formation Process of the Ministry of Education//China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221008,China;School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;College of Geosciences&Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《天然气工业》
北大核心
2025年第4期1-18,共18页
Natural Gas Industry
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“统筹新能源发展与国家能源安全重要关系及实践路径研究”(编号:24&ZD106)
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目“煤岩气富集规律与开发机理研究”(编号:2024DJ23)
中国石油长庆油田公司关键核心技术攻关项目“鄂尔多斯盆地深层煤岩气赋存机理、富集规律及有效提产关键技术攻关”(编号:2023DZZ01)。
关键词
煤岩气概念
煤岩气地质理论
煤岩气类型
煤岩气技术
煤岩气革命
非常规天然气
Concept of coal-rock gas
Coal-rock gas geology theory
Coal-rock gas type
Coal-rock gas technology
Coal-rock gas revolution
Unconventional natural gas
作者简介
邹才能,1963年生,中国科学院院士,博士,本刊第九届编委会顾问,主要从事常规—非常规油气地质学理论与勘探、新能源技术、能源战略、碳中和等领域的研究工作。地址:(100083)北京市海淀区学院路20号910信箱。ORCID:0000-0001-5912-1729。E-mail:zcn@petrochina.com.cn;通信作者:刘翰林,1992年生,工程师,博士,主要从事非常规油气地质和油气能源战略方面的研究工作。地址:(100083)北京市海淀区学院路20号910信箱。ORCID:0009-0004-9513-9829。E-mail:lhldmc@163.com。
