摘要
磷腈类化合物是近年来兴起的一种新型阻燃剂,其内部结构富含N、P元素,有较高的阻燃效率。该文阐述了高分子聚合物的阻燃机理;六氯环三磷腈侧基的氯原子有较高的反应活性,通过引入苯环等基团、微胶囊化、引入含有其他阻燃元素(Si、S等)等方法可提高添加型磷腈阻燃剂与基体材料的相容性和阻燃效率,详细介绍了添加型磷腈阻燃剂的研究进展及对阻燃性能的影响;末端为活性基团的磷腈可以与基体材料进行共聚,形成的高度交联结构能够减小对基体材料热力学等性能的劣化,总结了反应型磷腈阻燃剂对阻燃性能和阻燃机理的影响;综述了微纳米结构型磷腈阻燃剂及特殊功能型磷腈阻燃剂的最新研究进展;阐述了磷腈类化合物结构对阻燃性能和阻燃机理的影响,并且对未来磷腈类化合物的发展方向进行了展望。
Phosphonitrile compounds,rich in nitrogen and phosphorus,and with high flame-retardant efficiency,are a new type of flame retardants developed in recent years.Herein,the flame-retardant mechanism of phosphonitrile compounds was described,pointing out that the highly reactive chlorine atom in the side group of cyclophosphonitrile has been used to react with benzene groups,via microencapsulation and introduction of other flame retardant elements(Si,S,etc.)for improvement in the compatibility and flame retardant efficiency of added phosphonitrile flame retardants with base materials.The research progress on added phosphonitrile flame retardants and their effects on flame retardancy were introduced in detail,showing that phosphoronitrile with the active group at the end can copolymerize with the base materials,and the highly crosslinked structures formed can reduce the degradation of the thermodynamic properties of the base materials.The influence of reactive phosphoronitrile flame retardants on flame retardancy as well as the flame retardancy mechanism was further summarized.The latest research progress on micro-and nano-structured phosphonitrile flame retardants and functional phosphonitrile flame retardants were reviewed,and the effect of the phosphonitrile compound structure on flame retardancy and flame retardancy mechanism was summarized.Finally,the development direction of phosphonitrile compounds in the future was discussed.
作者
贾雨耀
蒋琴瑶
杨绍哲
吴蓉
白威
唐安斌
JIA Yuyao;JIANG Qinyao;YANG Shaozhe;WU Rong;BAI Wei;TANG Anbin(Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101400,China;Sichuan EM Technology Co.,Ltd.,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan,China)
出处
《精细化工》
北大核心
2025年第5期939-951,共13页
Fine Chemicals
基金
中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-CN-2023-6)。
关键词
环三磷腈
阻燃性能
阻燃机理
树脂
cyclotriphosphonitrile
flame retardant properties
flame retardant mechanisms
resins
作者简介
贾雨耀(1999-),男,博士生,E-mail:1393773448@qq.com;联系人:白威(1980-),男,研究员,E-mail:baiwei@cioc.ac.cn;联系人:唐安斌(1968-),男,研究员,E-mail:tanganbin@emtco.cn。
