摘要
为明确海南三亚地区豇豆枯萎病的病原种类及其生物学特性,筛选适用于防治该病害的药剂,通过组织分离法,在豇豆发病植株的根茎处分离获得代表性病原菌3株。依据柯赫式法则进行致病性测定,通过病原菌形态特征并结合其ITS、TEF-1α、TUB基因序列联合分析确定其分类地位,利用菌丝生长速率测定法分析病原菌的生物学特性及常见杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,引起海南三亚地区豇豆枯萎病的病原菌只侵染豇豆,结合分子鉴定结果,明确该地区豇豆枯萎病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌嗜导管专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.tracheiphilum)。病原菌菌株在以乳糖、麦芽糖为碳源,硝酸钾、硝酸钠为氮源,20~30℃,pH 7.0~10.0,全黑暗环境中菌丝生长最快,在CDA培养基上菌丝生长最快,菌丝致死温度为65~70℃。室内毒力测定结果表明,10种药剂中,98%咪鲜胺抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.0344µg·mL^(-1)。研究结果为海南三亚地区豇豆枯萎病的诊断和有效防治提供了科学依据和理论指导。
To clarify the pathogen species and biological characteristics of cowpea wilt disease in Sanya,Hainan province,and screen out suitable agents for its prevention and control,three representative pathogen strains were separated from diseased cowpea plant roots and stems.The pathogenicity was determined using the Koch-style rule,and the strains were identified through morphological features and genetic analysis of ITS,TEF-1α,and TUB gene sequences.The biological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria and the sensitivity determination of common fungicides were analyzed by mycelial growth rate assay.The pathogen was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.tracheiphilum based on combined results of the pathogenicity test(the pathogen only infects cowpea)and molecular identification.Biological tests revealed that the optimal conditions for the vegetative growth of strains were lactose and maltose as carbon sources,potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate as nitrogen sources,at temperature of 20-30℃,pH 7.0-10.0,and in complete darkness.The strains grew fastest on CDA medium,with a lethal temperature of 65-70℃.Furthermore,the inhibitory effects of ten agents,among which fungicide-prochloraz had the best antifungal activity,with EC50 values of 0.0344μg·mL^(-1).This study provides scientific evidence and theoretical guidance for diagnosing and effectively controlling cowpea wilt in Sanya,Hainan.
作者
易剑锋
许沛冬
陈迪
赵廷昌
易克贤
林岸
谢丙炎
赵文军
YI Jianfeng;XU Peidong;CHEN Di;ZHAO Tingchang;YI Kexian;LIN An;XIE Bingyan;ZHAOWenjun(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China;Center for Biosafety,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China;Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China)
出处
《中国瓜菜》
北大核心
2025年第5期37-48,共12页
China Cucurbits And Vegetables
基金
海南省自然科学基金青年项目(324QN365)
三亚崖州湾科技城“崖州湾”菁英人才科技专项项目(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-44)
海南省“南海新星”科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202358)。
关键词
豇豆
豇豆枯萎病
尖孢镰刀菌嗜导管专化型
生物学测定
药剂筛选
Cowpea
Cowpea wilt diseases
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.tracheiphilum
Biological identification
Fungicide screening
作者简介
易剑锋,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail:1163045303@qq.com;共同第一作者:许沛冬,男,助理研究员,研究方向为植物病理学及生防菌功能基因组学。E-mail:xuridongshengxpd@163.com;通信作者:赵文军,男,研究员,主要从事植物病害与检测研究。E-mail:wenjunzhao@188.com;通信作者:谢丙炎,男,研究员,主要从事植物病害与防治研究。E-mail:xiebingyan@caas.cn。
