摘要
针对南疆库尔勒香梨水肥管理不当造成土壤盐分累积,进而导致产量和品质下降的问题,以省力密植栽培香梨为对象,设置3个灌溉水平[375 mm(W1)、525 mm(W2)、675 mm(W3)]和3个施氮水平[100 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、200 kg/hm^(2)(N2)、300 kg/hm^(2)(N3)],开展田间试验探究地下滴灌不同灌水施氮量对香梨园土壤盐分、氮素动态、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:灌水量和施氮量显著影响土壤盐分累积量(P<0.05)。适宜的灌水施肥量能够有效降低主根区(20~80 cm)土壤盐分,生育期末W2处理比W1和W3处理盐分累积量分别降低3.3 g/kg和1.0g/kg,N2和N3处理分别比N1处理盐分累积量降低0.6 g/kg和1.2 g/kg。较高的灌水施氮量组合可提高果实单果重、产量和可溶性固形物含量分别达20.0%、19.6%和1.6%。综合考虑土壤环境、产量及品质,推荐省力密植香梨园生育期灌水量和施氮量为525 mm和200 kg/hm^(2)。
The appropriate water and fertilizer management is an effective approach to achieve stable and high yield of Korla fragrant pear.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rates on soil salinity and nitrogen dynamics,yield,and quality of the labor-saving and close-planting cultivated Korla fragrant pear under subsurface drip irrigation.Three irrigation levels:W1=375 mm,W2=525 mm,W3=675 mm and three nitrogen application levels(100 kg/hm^(2)(N1),200 kg/hm^(2)(N2),300 kg/hm^(2)(N3))were selected.The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application rates significantly affected soil salt accumulation(p<0.05).Appropriate levels of irrigation and fertilization can effectively reduce soil salinity in the main root zone(20~80 cm).At the end of the growth period,the salt accumulation of the W2 treatment showed 3.3 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg lower salt accumulation than W1 and W3 treatments,respectively.Similarly,the salt accumulation in the N2 and N3 treatments was reduced by 0.6 g/kg and 1.2 g/kg compared to the N1 treatment.respectively.Higher water and fertilizer application can increase single fruit weight,yield,and soluble solids content by 20.0%,19.6%and 1.6%respectively,while reduce fruit peeling hardness by 3.2%.In summary,considering soil environment,yield and quality,the recommended irrigation and nitrogen application for labor-saving cultivated Korla fragrant pear were 525 mm and 200 kg/hm^(2).
作者
刘德召
王军
胡海珠
陆琪
李久生
LIU De-zhao;WANG Jun;HU Hai-zhu;LU Qi;LI Jiu-sheng(Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,Inner Mongolia,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;China South-to-North Water Diversion Group Water Network Investment Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100071,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2025年第5期75-81,88,共8页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52179055)
南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2022DB020,2021DB012)。
关键词
省力化栽培
地下滴灌
水肥管理
土壤盐分
产量
品质
labor-saving cultivation
subsurface drip irrigation
water and fertilizer management
soil salinity
yield
quality
作者简介
刘德召(1996-),男,硕士,主要研究方向为节水灌溉理论与技术研究。E-mail:sliudzhao@163.com;通讯作者:王军(1984-),男,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为节水灌溉理论与技术研究。E-mail:junwangcau@iwhr.com。
