近代中国通商口岸形态改易研究

On the Historical Evolution of Modern China's Commercial Ports

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摘要近代中国的通商口岸经历了四次重大的形态转变,历次变迁性质有别。清朝自我开关虽属独立操作,但统治者眛于外部世界,中外施政有逆向走势;约开则纯是外人的侵占,中方丧权辱国;自开则多了一些对通商口岸的新认知和主权意识的新觉醒;1930年代后,中国不再专辟条约口岸。从清朝的自我开关到晚清的约开商埠,再到清末的自开口岸,延至民国年间条约口岸的部分撤废,仿佛轮回,情况却大不一样。通商口岸的历时性演变,不仅反映出中外关系的巨大变动,而且全方位地影响着中国社会。 There were four important changes in the formation of commercial ports in modern China,and the nature of each change was different.In Qing Dynasty,although the self-opening was an independent action,the rulers were ignorant of the outside world.The opening by treaties were purely the occupation by foreigners,and China was humiliated by the loss of power.The self-opening afterwards was more of a new cognition of the commercial ports and a new awakening of sovereignty consciousness.After the 1930s,China no longer opened up new treaty ports.From the self-opening in Qing Dynasty to the opening of treaty ports in late Qing Dynasty,till the self-opening of ports in the end of late Qing Dynasty and the partial abolition of treaty ports in the Republic of China,it seemed to be a cycle,but the situation was actually very different.The evolution of commercial ports over time not only reflected the great changes in Sino-foreign relations,but also affected Chinese society in many aspects.

作者郭卫东 GUO Wei-dong(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui,232001,China)

机构地区安徽理工大学人文社会科学学院

出处《史学集刊》北大核心 2025年第3期84-92,共9页 Collected Papers of History Studies

基金国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特殊教育通史”(21&ZD221)的阶段性成果。

关键词通商口岸条约口岸:自开口岸 commercial ports the treaty ports self-opening ports

分类号 K25 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介郭卫东,安徽理工大学人文社会科学学院特聘教授,北京大学历史学系教授、博士生导师,研究方向为近代中外关系史。