摘要
随着城市化进程的加快,道路地表径流所引发的面源污染问题日益严重。城市河涌作为道路径流的主要受纳水体,正面临着显著的污染输入压力,对其生态系统构成了潜在威胁。大型底栖动物因对环境变化的高敏感性,常被作为水体生态健康状况的指示生物,能够有效反映城市河涌的生态扰动水平。本研究以广州市3类典型道路类型(城中村道路、高速公路、普通道路)所对应的受纳河涌为研究对象,分别于2022年9月(平水期)、2023年2月(枯水期)、2023年7月(丰水期)和2023年10月(平水期)开展了大型底栖动物的调查。通过分析不同道路类型受纳河涌中底栖动物的物种组成、群落结构与多样性的时空变化特征,进一步探讨了其与水环境因子的关系。调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物22种,隶属于3门6纲10目15科,其中节肢动物门占据优势地位,其次为环节动物和软体动物。摇蚊科与颤蚓科等典型耐污种在样点中广泛分布,说明研究区域河涌普遍受到一定程度的污染胁迫。从季节变化来看,底栖动物的物种数和平均丰度在平水期相对较高,而在丰水期和枯水期则明显下降,这一趋势可能与水动力条件及摇蚊属季节性丰度变化相关,平均生物量则受软体动物门的影响,在丰水期达到最高值。在空间分布上,城中村道路受纳河涌的物种数、平均丰度和生物量均高于高速公路和普通道路所对应的河涌,这可能与其周边土地利用方式和污水处理措施较为合理有关。多样性评价结果显示,Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、Margalef丰富度指数(d M)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)在2022年平水期表现出较好生态状况,但随后呈下降趋势,反映出河涌生态系统可能正面临持续退化。不同河涌间的比较显示,城中村受纳河涌的多样性相对较高。生物完整性指数(BI)与Goodnight-Whitley修正指数(GBI)均表明研究区域的总体水质状况不佳,表明污染问题依然严重。冗余分析(RDA)表明,溶解氧(DO)、pH和总磷(TP)是影响底栖动物丰度的主要水环境因子,其中DO的解释贡献率最高(36.9%),表明其在调控底栖动物群落结构中具有核心作用。相比之下,水环境因子对生物量的解释并不显著,说明生物量变化可能更多受到种间关系、栖息地结构或其他未监测因素的共同作用。本研究揭示了不同道路类型所驱动的城市地表径流对受纳河涌生态系统结构与功能的显著影响,强调了土地利用方式与污染控制措施在河涌生态保护中的关键作用,为城市水体生态修复与管理策略提供了科学依据与数据支持。
With the rapid acceleration of urbanization,nonpoint source pollution originating from road surface runoff has emerged as an increasingly pressing environmental issue.Urban receiving streams,which function as the primary recipients of road runoff,are under substantial pollution pressure,thereby posing a potential threat to their ecosystems.Macroinvertebrates,which are highly sensitive to environmental changes,are extensively employed as bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem health and can effectively reflect the extent of ecological disturbance in urban streams.This study investigated macroinvertebrate communities in receiving streams associated with three distinct types of roads(village-in-city roads,highways,and regular roads)in Guangzhou,China,across four sampling p eriods:September 2022(normal season),February 2023(dry season),July 2023(wet season),and October 2023(normal season).The study analyzed the composition of species,community structure,and spatiotemporal variations in macroinvertebrate diversity and further explored their intricate relationships with water environmental factors.A total of 22 macroinvertebrate species were identified,encompassing 3 phyla,6 classes,10 orders,and 15 families,with Arthropoda emerging as the dominant phylum,followed by Annelids and Mollusca.Typical pollution-tolerant species,such as Chironomidae and Tubificidae,were ubiquitously distributed across sample sites,thereby indicating that the study streams were subjected to a certain degree of pollution stress.Seasonal variation revealed higher species richness and average abundance during the normal season,while these metrics experienced a significant decline during the wet and dry seasons,likely influenced by hydrodynamic conditions and seasonal fluctuations in Chironomus abundance.The average biomass,which was influenced by Mollusca,peaked during the wet season.Spatially,receiving streams near village-in-city roads exhibited higher species richness,average abundance,and biomass compared to those near highways and regular roads.This phenomenon may be attributed to more rational land-use patterns and wastewater treatment measures in their surrounding areas.Diversity indices,including the Shannon-Wiener index(H′),Margalef richness index(d M),and Pielou evenness index(J′),exhibited relatively better ecological conditions during the normal season in 2022 but subsequently exhibited a downward trend,thereby reflecting that the stream ecosystems may be undergoing continuous degradation.Among the streams,those near village-in-city roads demonstrated relatively higher diversity.Both the Biotic Integrity Index(BI)and Goodnight-Whitley Modified Index(GBI)unveiled poor overall water quality in the study area,thereby highlighting the s everity of pollution.Redundancy analysis(RDA)demonstrated that dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,and total phosphorus(TP)were the primary water environment factors influencing macroinvertebrate abundance,with DO having the highest explained contribution(36.9%),thereby underscoring its pivotal role in shaping community structure.In contrast,the explanatory power of water environmental factors on biomass was not significant,suggesting that biomass changes may be more influenced by a complex interplay of interspecific relationships,habitat structure,or other unmonitored factors.This study elucidates the significant effects of urban surface runoff,driven by different road types,on the structure and function of the ecosystems of the receiving streams,emphasizes the crucial roles of land-use patterns and pollution control measures in the ecological protection of streams,and provides robust scientific evidence and data support for the ecological restoration and management strategies of urban water bodies.
作者
韦丽妮
刘珊
赵建亮
吴念念
徐茹
刘源
WEI Lini;LIU Shan;ZHAO Jianliang;WU Niannian;XU Ru;LIU Yuan(School of Environment,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety&MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea,Nanning 530004,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of S ciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Marine College,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期92-104,共13页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A2036)。
关键词
受纳河涌
底栖生物
群落结构多样性
道路类型
receiving streams
macroinvertebrates
community structure diversity
road types
作者简介
第一作者:韦丽妮(1999-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态毒理学,E-mail:weilini1999@163.com;通信作者:赵建亮,E-mail:jianliang.zhao@m.scnu.edu.cn;共同通信作者:刘珊,E-mail:liushan@gxu.edu.cn。
