摘要
目的了解赣州市室内环境质量和主要污染物分布情况,为当地室内环境改善提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样,于2022年9月—2023年2月从赣州市3个县级区域选取60户家庭,在每个家庭的一个客厅和一间卧室现场测量温度、相对湿度、噪声、照度、CO、CO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5);根据中国疾病预防控制中心编制的《环境样品采集检测标准操作方法(SOP)》,采集室内空气样品检测甲醛、NO_(2)、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、总挥发性有机化合物(total volatile organic compound,TVOC)细菌总数等指标的水平。以综合指数法评估调查对象室内环境质量。结果调查结果显示,调查对象家庭住宅室内环境温度、相对湿度、噪声和照度平均水平分别为17.7℃、58.6%、38.4 dB(A)和175.1 lx;CO和CO_(2)平均水平分别为0.03 mg/m^(3)和0.05%,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、甲醛、TVOC、苯、甲苯和二甲苯平均水平分别为66.7、59.3、23.5、53.6、5.32、4.59和9.26μg/m^(3);细菌总数和真菌总数平均水平分别为349和1040 CFU/m^(3)。化学指标中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)超标率最高,分别为49.58%和20.42%,冬春季和农村家庭PM_(2.5)污染水平和超标率均较突出。物理指标中照度不达标率最高(49.58%),微生物指标中真菌总数超标率最高(45.00%)。采用综合指数法评价,31.7%的调查家庭室内空气质量达到轻度污染及以上水平,夏秋季室内空气质量高于冬春季(χ^(2)=18.51,P<0.05),客厅与卧室、城市家庭与农村家庭空气质量无明显差异(χ^(2)=0.87,P>0.05)。结论PM_(2.5)和真菌总数是影响赣州市室内环境质量的主要因素,尤其是冬春季节和农村家庭室内PM_(2.5)污染较为突出,应采取有效措施进行防控。
Objective To assess the indoor environmental quality and the distribution of major pollutants in Ganzhou,China,and to provide a reference for local efforts to improve indoor environments.Methods From September 2022 to February 2023,60 households were selected across three county-level regions in Ganzhou City by stratified random sampling.Measurements were taken on-site in each household’s living room and one bedroom for temperature,relative humidity,noise,illuminance,carbon monoxide(CO),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Indoor air samples were collected and analyzed for formaldehyde,nitrogen dioxide,benzene,toluene,xylene,total volatile organic compound(TVOC),and total bacterial count according to the Standard Operating Procedure for Environmental Sample Collection and Testing compiled by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The indoor environmental quality was then evaluated using a comprehensive index.Results The survey results showed that the mean or median of indoor environmental temperature,relative humidity,noise,and illuminance levels of the surveyed households were 17.7℃,58.6%,38.4 dB(A),and 175.1 lx,respectively;the median of CO and CO_(2) were 0.03 mg/m^(3) and 0.05%,respectively;the mean or median of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),formaldehyde,TVOC,benzene,toluene,and xylene were 66.7,59.3,23.5,53.6,5.32,4.59,and 9.26μg/m^(3),respectively;the median of total bacterial and fungal counts were 349 CFU/m^(3) and 1040 CFU/m^(3),respectively.Among the chemical indicators,the unqualified rates of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were the highest,at 49.58%and 20.42%,respectively.The pollution level and unqualified rates of PM_(2.5) in winter and spring seasons and rural households were both prominent.In the physical indicators,the unqualified rate of illumination was the highest(49.58%),and the unqualified rate of the total number of fungi in the microbial indicators was the highest(45.00%).The evaluation using the comprehensive index method showed that 31.7%of the surveyed households had indoor air quality at the level of mild pollution or above.The compre-hensive indoor air quality in summer and autumn was higher than that in winter and spring(χ^(2)=18.51,P<0.05).There was no signif-icant difference in air quality between the living room and bedroom,urban families and rural families(χ^(2)=0.87,P>0.05).Conclusion Indoor PM_(2.5) and the total number of fungi are the main factors affecting the indoor environmental quality in Ganzhou,es-pecially during the winter and spring seasons and in rural families,the indoor PM_(2.5) pollution is more prominent,effective measures should be taken to prevent and control it.
作者
郑志鹏
马丽莎
古军旺
符含敏
ZHENG Zhi-peng;MA Li-sha;GU Jun-wang;FU Han-min(Ganzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Public Health and Health Management,Gannan Medical University)
出处
《环境卫生学杂志》
2025年第4期323-330,共8页
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
基金
赣州市指导性科技计划项目(GZ2022ZQT008)。
关键词
室内环境
空气质量
监测
indoor environment
air quality
monitoring
作者简介
郑志鹏,主管医师,主要从事环境卫生方向研究,Email:277505603@qq.com;通信作者:古军旺,讲师,主要从事环境流行病学研究,Email:gj_one@gmu.edu.cn。
