摘要
张掖世界地质公园红山湾地貌景区的地貌分类和命名,长期以来存在争议。通过研究和对比,其在地貌营力、地貌形态、物质组成、地貌发育和演化过程等方面均与丹霞地貌有着显著差异。按照岩石地貌分类和命名原则,目前可将其称为红山湾地貌。作为红层地貌的一种亚类,其应与丹霞地貌并列。红山湾地貌的定义为:以构造掀斜为内营力,坡面片流为主要外营力,并在风化、重力等外营力共同作用下形成的平缓坡面具有彩色韵律旋回沉积特征的红层地貌。其特点是由白垩纪以红色为主且夹杂有青灰色、灰绿色的陆相泥岩、粉砂岩为物质基础,地貌内外主营力分别为构造掀斜与坡面片流,地貌形态以和缓起伏、具有彩色韵律旋回沉积特征的山地为主,并发育有泥钟乳、泥瀑布和小型土林等微地貌。按照地层产状与坡面形态的不同组合形式,红山湾地貌的景观类型可划分为水平彩带型、倾斜彩带型、垂直彩带型、彩虹型、倒彩虹型、水平彩带型、波浪型、扇贝型、裙褶型和复合型等10余种。此类地貌主要分布在干旱和半干旱气候区与造山带密切相关的红层盆地中心地带,祁连山山区的酒泉、张掖及兰州盆地、新疆阿尔泰山脉南麓的准噶尔盆地、南美洲安第斯山脉等地均有分布。
The classification and naming of of the Hongshanwan landform in the Zhangye UNESCO Global Geopark have long been contentious.Through research and comparison,it is found that there are significant differences in geomorphic forces,landform morphology,material composition,landform development,and evolutionary processes compared to the Danxia landforms.Following the principles of rock landform classification and naming,it is currently appropriate to refer to them as the Hongshanwan landforms.As a subcategory of red bed landforms,they should be listed alongside the Danxia landforms.This article proposes the definition of Hongshanwan landforms as follows:they are characterized by internal forces of structural tilting,with surface sheet flow as the main external force,and are formed by the combined action of external forces such as weathering,erosion,and gravity,resulting in gentle slopes with colorful rhythmic sedimentary features typical of red bed landforms.These landforms are mainly composed of red Cretaceous terrestrial mudstones and sandstones with interbedded grayish-blue and grayish-green colors.The main internal and external forces shaping the landforms are structural tilting and surface sheet flow,respectively.The landform morphology is characterized by gentle undulations,colorful rhythmic sedimentary features,and the development of micro-landforms such as mud stalactites,mud waterfalls,and small earth pyramids.Depending on the combination of stratum dip and slope morphology,the landscape types of Hongshanwan landform can be categorized into over ten types,including horizontal color stripe type,inclined color stripe type,vertical color stripe type,rainbow type,inverted rainbow type,wave type,scallop type,pleated skirt type,and composite type.Hongshanwan landforms are mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid regions,particularly in the central areas of red beds basins closely related to mountainous regions,including Jiuquan,Zhangye,and Lanzhou basins in front of the Qilian Mountains,the Junggar Basin at the southern foot of the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang,and the Andes Mountains in South America.
作者
李小强
程弘毅
王乃昂
LI Xiaoqiang;CHENG Hongyi;WANG Naiang(College of Resource and Environment Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Centre of Arid Zone and Desert,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Geological Survey of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China)
出处
《华南地理学报》
2024年第2期20-31,共12页
South China Geographical Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271131)
甘肃省科技计划资助项目(24JRRA751)
关键词
红层地貌
红山湾地貌
丹霞地貌
分类和命名
red bed landform
hongshanwan landforms
danxia landform
classification and nomenclature
作者简介
李小强(1988-),男,甘肃武都人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事红层地貌及地球系统科学研究。E-mail:lixiaoqiang0525@163.com;通信作者:王乃昂(1962-),男,山东郓城人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事自然地理与环境变化研究。E-mail:wangna@lzu.edu.cn
