摘要
针对履带式谷物联合收获机脱粒滚筒对物料打击力度大、脱出物细碎化程度高,导致清选筛面杂余多易堆积,影响籽粒透筛,造成清选损失率高以及功率消耗大等问题,通过优化齿杆及脱粒元件的结构和排布,设计了螺旋交错排布式脱粒滚筒,减少了滚筒载荷波动,降低了脱粒元件对物料的冲击强度,有利于减少物料的破碎和断裂。通过离散元仿真试验与台架试验分析了脱出物籽粒分布规律,对比分析了茎秆在原机滚筒和所设计螺旋滚筒内的运移速度以及滚筒受到的扭矩。仿真试验结果表明,当滚筒转速为750 r/min时,茎秆在所设计螺旋滚筒内的运移速度提升23.5%,更利于物料向后输送,平均扭矩下降29.2%,且扭矩波动变化更小,脱粒作业稳定性更好。田间对比试验结果表明,所设计螺旋滚筒脱出物茎秆断裂和细碎化程度更低,减轻了筛面负荷,提升了籽粒透筛概率,清选损失率平均降低22.8%。在相同作业条件下,配置螺旋滚筒的联合收获机平均油耗下降18.1%。仿真试验与田间对比试验结果表明,所设计的螺旋交错排布式脱粒滚筒有助于减少作业损失,提升作业效率,降低脱粒功耗,能够满足履带式联合收获机高效低损低功耗的作业需求。
The threshing cylinder of the crawler-type grain combine harvester tends to become easily clogged under high feeding rate conditions,which leads to severe fragmentation of threshed materials,resulting in an accumulation of residuals on the cleaning screen,which affects grain sieving efficiency,increases cleaning losses,and significantly elevates power consumption.By optimizing the structure and arrangement of the rasp bars and threshing elements,a spiral interlaced arrangement threshing cylinder was designed.This design reduced fluctuations in cylinder load and decreased the impact intensity of the threshing elements on the material,thereby minimizing material breakage and fragmentation.Through discrete element simulation and bench tests,the distribution patterns of threshed grain were analyzed.A comparative analysis was conducted on the migration speed of stalks within the original cylinder and the designed cylinder,as well as the torque exerted on the cylinder.The simulation results indicated that at rotational speed of 750 r/min,the migration speed of stalks within the designed cylinder was increased by 23.5%,facilitating the rearward conveyance of materials.Additionally,the average torque of the designed cylinder was decreased by 29.2%,with reduced torque fluctuations,thereby improving the stability of the threshing operation.Field comparison test results showed that the designed cylinder significantly reduced stalk breakage and fragmentation,thereby decreasing the load on the cleaning screen and increasing the probability of grain passing through the vibrating screen.The cleaning loss rate was reduced by an average of 22.8%.Moreover,under the same operating conditions,the combine harvester equipped with the designed cylinder demonstrated an average fuel consumption reduction of 18.1%.Combining the results of the simulation experiments and field comparison tests,it was evident that the designed threshing cylinder can reduce operational losses,enhance working efficiency,and lower threshing power consumption.It effectively met the requirements for low-loss,high-efficiency operation under high feeding rate conditions.
作者
江涛
李海同
黄鸣辉
张敏
金梅
关卓怀
JIANG Tao;LI Haitong;HUANG Minghui;ZHANG Min;JIN Mei;GUAN Zhuohuai(Nanjing Institute of Agriculture Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;National Machinery Heavy Industry(Changzhou)Excarator Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213133,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期314-324,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务项目(CAAS-ZDRW202405)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD200050201、2023YFD2001003)
湖南省智能农机装备创新研发项目。
作者简介
江涛(1988-),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事农作物收获技术与装备研究,E-mail:justod_cr7@163.com;通信作者:关卓怀(1988-),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事农作物收获技术与装备研究,E-mail:Guan_zh@foxmail.com。
