摘要
目的评价综合干预措施对噪声性听力损失的防治效果,为噪声性聋的预防提供参考。方法选取某钢铁厂139名接噪工人为研究对象,由耳鼻喉科专家,企业安环处和省级职业病防治专家组成听力防护小组,于2021年3月—2023年2月进行2年干预。干预前后进行问卷调查,纯音听阈测试和护听器防护效果的测定。结果干预后研究对象噪声性听力损失(Noise-induced Hearing Loss,NIHL)知晓率(100.00%)和防控率(93.93%)均较干预前(78.12%和59.37%)显著提高(P均<0.01),而检出率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后噪声危害及护听器使用方法知晓率(95.68%和94.24%)、低盐饮食(76.98%)、低脂饮食(58.27%)、摄入足量蔬菜水果(55.39%)、运动达标(44.60%)的情况均显著提高,饮酒率(27.33%)显著降低(P均<0.05)。虽然干预前后吸烟率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但有控烟行为的比例(79.45%)显著增加(P<0.01)。干预后重点干预组护听器使用率(82.76%)、正确佩戴率(77.01%)、定期维护率(79.31%)、防护效果(78.16%)均显著提高(P均<0.01);耳鸣和耳堵塞感检出率(13.79%和32.18%)均显著降低(P均<0.05),而耳闷胀感、头晕和头痛检出率的差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。企业防护用品培训(100.00%)、监管制度(100.00%)、监管频率达标(90.65%)、使用管理情况(94.24%)均显著改善(P均<0.05)。结论综合性干预措施能有效预防NIHL的发生,值得在钢铁企业推广使用。
Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention on noise-induced hearing loss and to provide reference for occupational noise deafness prevention.Methods A total of 139 workers in a steel enterprise were selected as the study objects.Two years'intervention was carried out by the hearing protection group which was founded by the otolaryngologist,the enterprise anhuan branch and the provincial occupational disease prevention specialist from January2021 to February 2023.The questionnaire survey,the pure tone auditory threshold test and the protective effect of the hearing protectors were investigated before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the awareness rate and the prevention and control rate of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)among the noise exposed workers were higher than those before the intervention(78.12%vs.100.0%,59.37 vs.93.93%,all P<0.01),but there was no significant statistical difference in the proportion of NIHL before and after the intervention(P>0.05).The awareness rates of knowledge about noise hazards and instructions of the hearing protectors(95.68%and 94.24%),the proportions of low salt diet(76.98%),low fat diet(58.27%),adequate intake of fruits and vegetables(55.39%),and exercise standards(44.60%)were significantly increased,the drinking rate(27.33%)was significantly decreased(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in smoking rate before and after the intervention(P>0.05),but the proportion of smoking control behaviour was 79.45%,which was significantly increased(P<0.01).The utilization rate(82.76%),the correct rate(77.01%),the maintenance rate(79.31%),and the protective effect of the hearing protectors(78.16%)in the focus intervention group were significantly increased(all P<0.01).The incidences of tinnitus and ear blockage feeling(13.79%and 32.18%)were significantly decreased(all P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in the incidences of ear stuffy feeling,dizziness and headache before and after the focus intervention(all P>0.05).The training(100.00%),the safety supervision(100.00%),the supervision standards(90.65%),and the use and management of protective equipment(94.24%)in the steel enterprise were significantly improved(all P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive intervention was obviously helpful to reduce the incidence of NIHL,and could be widely recommended and applied in the steel enterprises.
作者
许培培
姜艳
陶维敏
XU Pei-pei;JIANG Yan;TAO Wei-min(Luhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 211599,China)
出处
《中国健康教育》
北大核心
2025年第3期278-281,286,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
基金
南京市医学科技发展项目(YKK19153)。
关键词
钢铁企业
噪声性听力损失
综合干预
The steel enterprises
Noise-induced hearing loss
Comprehensive intervention
作者简介
许培培(1986-),女,硕士,主管医师,主要从事健康教育与健康促进研究工作。E-mail:415590654@qq.com。
