摘要
栗属植物的壳斗内都具有富含食用淀粉的坚果,具有很高的营养价值。世界上具有经济栽培价值的食用栗中,以板栗、欧洲栗、日本栗为主,板栗因抗病性强、坚果品质好等优点具有特殊地位。板栗是我国重要的木本粮食树种,具有种质资源丰富、栽培历史悠久、适应强等特点,种植面积和总产量居世界首位,但在生产实际中良种化程度低等问题制约着产业的发展,而培育符合市场需求的优良种质是提升栗产业水平的关键。本文从栗属植物育种的发展历程出发,全面、系统地阐述了国内外栗属植物常规育种(实生选种、芽变选种、杂交育种、诱变育种等)和现代生物育种(分子标记辅助育种、基因工程、细胞工程等)技术的研究进展,并对未来育种方向进行了展望。随着基因组测序工作的完成和基因编辑技术的重大突破,栗属植物育种正迈向多性状、多技术融合的精准化新阶段,这将极大地加快优异种质的创制,促进栗产业的高质量发展。
Castanea plants have edible starch-rich nuts in their shell,which are highly nutritious.Among the edible chestnuts with economic cultivation value in the world,Castanea mollissima,Castanea sativa and Castanea crenataare the main ones.Castanea mollissima have a special status due to their excellent resistance to diseases and high nut quality.Castanea mollissima is an important woody food species in China,with rich germplasm resources,a long history of cultivation and strong adaptability,largest cultivation area and highest total production globally.However,the low rate of improved variety adoption in practical production restricts the development of the industry.Cultivating improved varieties that meet market demands is crucial for enhancing the overall level of the Castanea plants industry.Starting from the development process of Castanea plants breeding,this article comprehensively and systematically expounds the research progress of Castanea plants conventional breeding(seedling and bud mutation selection,cross breeding,radiation breeding,etc.)and modern biological breeding(molecular marker-assisted breeding,genetic engineering,cell engineering,etc.)of Castanea plants breeding technology at home and abroad,and prospected the future breeding direction.With the completion of genome sequencing and a major breakthrough in gene editing technology,Castanea plants breeding is moving towards a new stage of precision integration of multi-trait and multi-technology,which will greatly accelerate the creation of excellent germplasm and promote the high-quality development of the Castanea plants industry.
作者
郭素娟
杨霄
GUO Sujuan;YANG Xiao(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期1-10,共10页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200400)
林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2020133118)。
关键词
栗属植物
种质资源
育种技术
研究进展
Castanea plants
germplasm resources
breeding technology
research progress
作者简介
第一作者:郭素娟(gwangzs@263.net),教授,博士,博士研究生导师。
