摘要
公元8世纪以后,回鹘摩尼教男性选民形象频繁出现在高昌故城的壁画和经书插画中,其冠饰造型特征鲜明,但学界对其形制和文化内涵却鲜有关照。本文旨在通过系统梳理和分析与回鹘摩尼教相关的文献与图像资料,深入探讨这些冠饰的造型特征及其宗教文化内涵。本研究将回鹘摩尼教男选民冠饰分为慕阇冠饰和其他男选民冠饰两种。研究表明:这两种冠饰均呈现为白色扇形,体现了摩尼教“尚白”的宗教文化。与一般男选民冠饰相比,慕阇冠饰特有的羽毛装饰和卷草纹样不仅彰显了其对羽毛的崇拜,还反映了摩尼教的等级制度与文化融合。
Manichaeism was introduced into the Uyghur Empire from the Central Plains in 763 AD,gradually replacing Shamanism to become the state religion of the Uyghur Khanate.Its crowns are characterized by distinctive designs,yet academic circles have paid little attention to their forms and cultural connotations.This study aims to systematically sort through and analyze relevant literature and image materials,in order to deeply explore the forms,cultural connotations,and historical significance of the crowns worn by male religious in Uyghur Manichaeism.This study first clarifies the concept and definition of male religious in Uyghur Manichaeism.In the hierarchical system of Manichaeism,religious are divided into high-ranking and low-ranking monks.Among them,the Magister,as the highest-ranking religious,have crown ornaments that are distinctly different from those worn by other male religious,possessing stronger symbolic significance.In terms of data collection and organization,this paper takes mural paintings and prayer flag paintings from the Ancient City of Gaochang as the main image materials.Through sorting and analysis,it is found that the forms of the crown ornaments worn by male religious in Uyghur Manichaeism gradually evolved from tall,straight cylinders to fans.This change not only reflects the trend of refinement and diversification in crown design but also reveals the historical process of the spread and localization of Manichaeism in the Uyghur region.In terms of formal analysis,this paper divides the crown ornaments worn by male religious in Uyghur Manichaeism into two categories:Magister crowns and those worn by general male religious.Magister crowns are characterized by their unique feather decorations and scrolling plant patterns,which not only highlight the noble status of the Magister but also embody the strict hierarchical system of Manichaeism and the multicultural fusion within it.In contrast,the crowns worn by general male religious are mainly white and fan-shaped,with a relatively simple design.In the analysis of colors and patterns,the study finds that the crowns worn by male religious in Uyghur Manichaeism commonly use white,which not only complies with the dress code requirements of Manichaeism but also reflects the unique interpretation of white and the idea of“reverence for white”in Manichaean teachings.The scrolling plant patterns on Magister crowns not only serve a decorative function but also symbolize Manichaeism’s respect and reverence for nature and the essence of life.Additionally,the paper discusses the materials used for the decorations on Magister crowns.Through observation and comparison of image materials,it is speculated that the decorations on Magister crowns are feathers,which is also confirmed in the teachings of Manichaeism.Meanwhile,the use of feathers in Manichaean crowns resonates with the worship and cherishing of feathers in Uyghur culture.Feather decorations not only highlight the Magister’s lofty position in the religious hierarchy but also embody the uniqueness and innovation of Manichaean design in crowns.Through an in-depth analysis of the crowns worn by male religious in Uyghur Manichaeism,this study not only reveals the spread and evolution of Manichaeism in the Uyghur region but also showcases the integration and mutual learning between Manichaeism and Uyghur culture,Buddhism,and other related cultures.Meanwhile,this study provides new perspectives and ideas for understanding cultural exchanges and religious beliefs in the Uyghur region.
作者
吕钊
李旻玥
Lv Zhao;Li Minyue
出处
《艺术设计研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期31-40,133,134,共12页
Art & Design Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目“民族交融视域下唐代四夷乐舞伎服饰形象研究”(项目编号:24YJA760100)的阶段性成果。
关键词
回鹘
摩尼教
男性选民
冠饰
Uyghur
Manichaeism
Male religious
Crown ornaments
作者简介
吕钊,西安工程大学服装与艺术设计学院教授,硕士;李旻玥,西安工程大学服装与艺术设计学院硕士研究生。
