摘要
目的 了解中国中老年人自评健康变化状况及其影响因素。方法 使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011-2020年数据,将2011年至2020年五轮调查均参与的3 595名中老年人(≥45岁)作为研究对象,采用单因素分析、多分类Logistics回归方法分析自评健康变化情况的影响因素。结果 3 595名中老年人中,有26.54%自评健康上升,28.40%自评健康下降,45.06%自评健康不变。多分类Logistics回归结果显示,自评健康下降的中老年人和不变相比,ADLs数量上升、患慢性病数量上升、每周不进行轻度体育活动10 min、生活满意度等级下降的中老年人自评健康倾向于下降,其下降的可能性分别是慢性病数量、ADLs数量、生活满意度不变、每周能进行轻度体育活动10 min中老年人的1.415(OR=1.415,95%CI 1.181~1.694)、1.479(OR=1.479,95%CI 1.225~1.785)、1.454(OR=1.486,95%CI 1.172~1.804)、1.263(OR=1.237,95%CI 1.043~1.530)倍。自评健康上升的中老年人和不变相比,生活满意度等级提高的中老年人自评健康倾向于上升,ADLs数量上升、患慢性病数量上升则不利于中老年人自评健康的提高,其上升的可能性分别是生活满意度等级、ADLs和患慢性病数量不变中老年人的1.698(OR=1.698, 95%CI1.425~2.023)、 0.769(OR=0.769, 95%CI0.646~0.915)、0.689(OR=0.689,95%CI 0.549~0.865)倍。结论 2011—2020年我国中老年人自评健康为良好状态略有下降,中老年人躯体健康状况、体力活动不足和心理健康是改善我国老年人自评健康的关注重点。
Objective To understand the changes in self-rated health among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China and the influencing factors,providing a reference for improving health and promoting healthy aging.Methods Using data from the China Health and Aged Care Tracking Survey(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2020,this study analyzed 3595 middle-aged and elderly individuals(≥45 years old)who participated in all five rounds of the survey from 2011 to 2020.Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were employed to analyze the influencing factors of self-rated health changes.Results Among the 3595 middle-aged and elderly individuals,26.54%reported an increase in self-rated health,28.40%reported a decrease,and 45.06%reported no change.The multinomial logistic regression results indicated that compared to those with unchanged self-rated health,individuals whose self-rated health declined were more likely to have an increased number of Activities of Daily Living(ADLs),a higher number of chronic diseases,not engaging in at least 10 minutes of light physical activity per week,and a decline in life satisfaction levels.The odds ratios for these factors were 1.415(OR=1.415,95%CI:1.181~1.694),1.479(OR=1.479,95%CI:1.225~1.785),1.454(OR=1.486,95%CI:1.172~1.804),and 1.263(OR=1.237,95%CI:1.043~1.530),respectively.In contrast,individuals whose self-rated health improved,compared to those with unchanged health,were more likely to report an increase in life satisfaction levels,while an increase in ADLs and chronic diseases negatively impacted self-rated health improvement.The odds ratios for these factors were 1.698(OR=1.698,95%CI:1.425~2.023),0.769(OR=0.769,95%CI:0.646~0.915),and 0.689(OR=0.689,95%CI:0.549~0.865),respectively.Conclusion From 2011 to 2020,the self-rated health of middle-aged and elderly individuals in China has slightly declined,with a focus on improving physical health status,increasing physical activity,and addressing mental health as key areas for enhancing self-rated health among the elderly in China.
作者
王中杰
夏宇
赵红瑞
向雪琳
王化丹
马敏
何利平
WANG Zhongjie;XIA Yu;ZHAO Hongrui;XIANG Xuein;WANG Huadan;MA Min;HE Liping(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming Yunnan 650500,China)
出处
《昆明医科大学学报》
2025年第3期27-33,共7页
Journal of Kunming Medical University
基金
云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学基础研究联合专项基金(202401AY070001-361)。
关键词
自评健康
中老年人
影响因素
CHARLS
Self-rated health
middle-aged and elderly people
influencing factors
CHARLS
作者简介
王中杰(1999-),女,云南宣威人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事卫生服务利用工作。;通信作者:何利平,E-mail:lipinghe2@126.com。
