摘要
本文以英格尔哈特的现代化理论为基础,提出了一个价值观的双维度三层次模型,并利用1990~2018年的世界价值观调查中中美青年和非青年数据,实证研究了中美青年价值观的变化及其影响因素。研究发现,中美青年价值观的文化差距大于本国青年和非青年间的年龄差距。近三十年间,仅美国青年的价值观朝向后现代价值观转变,而中国青年的价值观呈现阶段性变化,以及传统价值观、现代价值观和后现代价值观并存的特点,作为传统价值观代表的权威认同、作为现代价值观代表的国家认同和作为后现代价值观代表的多元认同都在经历了上升—下降后,在近些年有所回升。经济发展、高等教育大众化和互联网发展促使美国青年朝向后现代价值观转变,但是它们对中国青年的国家认同、权威认同和多元认同却均有促进作用。本文说明后现代价值观并不一定是未来各个国家和文化变化的方向,应更关注中国青年和中国民众价值观的独特变化。
Based on Inglehart's modernization theory,this article proposed a dual-dimensional three-level model of values.By utilizing data from the World Values Survey of Chinese and American youth and non-youth from 1990 to 2018,the study examined the evolving values of Chinese and American youth and affecting factors from a transitional and comparative standpoint.The findings revealed a significant cultural disparity in youth values between China and the United States,surpassing the generational gap within each country.Over the past three decades,American youth have shifted towards post-modernism,whereas Chinese youth have experienced phased changes,blending traditional values,modern values,and postmodern values-authority identity,national identity,and pluralistic identity have witnessed fluctuations,with recent years showing a resurgence.Economic development,higher education popularization,and the Internet have propelled American youth towards post-modernism,while facilitating authority identity,national identity and pluralistic identity of Chinese youth.This study underscores that post-modernism is not the sole trajectory for future value changes across diverse countries and cultures,emphasizing the need to recognize the distinct shifts in values among Chinese youth and the Chinese population.
出处
《中国社会心理学评论》
2024年第1期22-46,242,共26页
Chinese Social Psychological Review
基金
中国社会科学院重大创新项目“人类命运共同体理念的文化心理根基与践行路径”(项目编号:2023YZD050)的阶段性成果
关键词
价值观变迁
中美青年
传统价值观
后物质主义
values change
Chinese and American youth
traditional values
post-materialism
作者简介
张衍,中国社会科学院社会学研究所助理研究员,研究方向为社会心态、社会变迁和文化心理学。
